Incapacitation: Revisiting an Old Question with a New Method and New Data

We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to obtain estimates of the number of crimes avoided through incapacitation of individual offenders. Incarcerated individuals are matched to comparable non-incarcerated counterparts using propensity score matching. Propensity scores for incarceration are calculated using a wide variety of time-stable and time-varying confounding variables. We separately analyze juvenile (age 16 or 17) and adult (age 18 or 19) incapacitation effects. Our best estimate is that between 6.2 and 14.1 offenses are prevented per year of juvenile incarceration, and 4.9 to 8.4 offenses are prevented per year of adult incarceration.

White-collar offenders and the jail experience: a comparative analysis

The incarceration experiences of white-collar offenders have received relatively little attention among criminological researchers, and the research that has been conducted has focused on offenders’ experiences in prisons rather than jails. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by examining approximately 6500 inmates incarcerated in local jails, comparing those classified as white-collar offenders to violent and other non-violent offenders. The differences between offender types based on demographics, psychological adjustment (i.e., mental health issues since arrival to jail), and behavioral adjustment (i.e., institutional misconduct) are examined to see whether white-collar inmates have more difficulty than others adjusting to the jail environment (consistent with the special sensitivity hypothesis). Findings suggest that white-collar jail inmates do not appear to experience symptoms indicative of poor psychological or behavioral adjustment to the jail environment. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.     

论处罚劳动教养人员适用听证制度

根据《劳动教养试行办法》的相关规定,在劳动教养执行过程中,劳动教养管理委员会可以委托劳动教养管理机关对违反劳动教养管理制度的劳教人员作出延长劳动教养期限1天以上1年以下的处罚。在实际工作中,劳教管理机关注重的是处罚的实体公正,忽略了处罚的程序公正。听证制度的引入能够赋予劳教人员在处罚过程中进行陈述、申辩、质证的权利和机会,使处罚更为公平合理。     

美国女犯矫正制度研究

美国监狱中关押罪犯的数量位居全球之首,监狱中女犯的数量同样庞大。女犯矫正制度成为美国矫正制度的重要组成部分。由于女犯的特殊性,在矫正制度上与男性罪犯有一定的差别,有一定的女性特色,有些做法值得我们借鉴。但是美国女犯矫正制度存在很多问题,结果导致女性罪犯释放后重新犯罪率较高,矫正效果很不理想。     

我国服刑人员A型人格特征研究

本研究采用张伯源修订的A型行为人格问卷对我国9283名服刑人员进行测试,结果发现服刑人员的A型人格的比例高于普通人群,婚姻状况、不同刑期、不同犯罪类型、与家人的关系和典型A型人格之间不存在必然联系,年龄、家庭状况和性别与A型人格存在一定的关系。     

Drug counselling behind the prison wall: staff responses to collaborative challenges

In the last decade, 13 Drug Counselling Units (DCUs) have been established in Norwegian prisons. These units are to offer prisoners with substance use problems coordinated treatment and rehabilitation so they can better cope with their problems during imprisonment and after release. Key means in achieving these goals are to establish inter-agency collaboration between the prison service and the specialist health services. Psychologists, social workers and prison officers from these institutions are to form an inter-professional team in the collaborative process. This study explores the challenges these occupational groups face when they collaborate within this organizational frame. The results show that the occupational groups experience two of the same types of challenges, but that they respond differently to them. The pattern of responses impacts collaboration, both in positive and negative ways. However, all occupational groups endeavour to maintain a high standard within the institutional framework provided by the Norwegian prison system. This article discusses how the responses of the occupational groups in the collaborative processes in the DCUs are influenced by their affiliation to the DCUs, as well as the system of management and professional logic.     

监狱和学校:基于福柯规训社会理论的比较研究

规训权力是介于法律规制和道德规制之间的微观权力,是维持现代社会秩序的特殊机制.现代监狱和学校通过规训机制完成社会化和再社会化目标,两者在建筑、规训权力作用点、惩罚权力和规训机制等方面均有相似之处.     

It's a Family Affair

Abstract

In the United States, incarceration rates are increasing at an alarming rate. In particular, the incarceration of women is increasing. Oklahoma has the highest rate of female incarceration in the nation, and drug offenders comprise a significant proportion of these female inmates. Placing large numbers of women in prison may have serious implications not only for the women but also for their families, particularly their children. We surveyed 144 incarcerated female drug offenders in Oklahoma, 96 of whom reported dependent children living with them prior to incarceration. The data included the women's perceptions of the effect of their incarceration on their families as well as an examination of the potential for serious problems due to placement of the children. The study indicates that many children are placed with families that have a history of abuse, which suggests that failure to consider the implications of incarcerating large numbers of women likely contributes to serious abuse risks for their children.