Social Constructionism and Criminology: Traditions,Problems and Possibilities

Over the last twenty years, the prison system, border controls, crime prevention programmes, anti‐terror measures and private security companies have expanded within Europe. This article discusses some of the implications. It will be argued that we are witnessing a paradigmatic shift in the manner in which state‐sanctioned force is employed. The distinction between what is criminal, to be dealt with by the justice system, and what creates a ‘perception of security’—formerly to be dealt with by social policy—is being eroded at both macro‐ (‘war on terror’) and micro‐ (‘public order’) levels. The rule of law is giving way to a security mentality, where force is employed on the basis of risk assessments. Social problems are re‐interpreted as security threats, and met with measures recreating the original threats. This gives the policy field a distinctive rationality of its own.     

Mental Health Problems among Prison Inmates: the Effect of Welfare Deficiencies,Drug Use and Self‐Efficacy

In this paper, we investigate the differential contribution of accumulated welfare deficiencies, drug use, and self‐efficacy on inmates' current symptoms of mental health problems. Few studies so far have investigated inmates' mental health based on empirical data covering both social and psychological predictors. Our analyses are aimed at the following research questions: (a) what is the relationship between welfare deficiencies, drug use, and symptom reporting among prison inmates? (b) is this relationship influenced by inmates' perceived self‐efficacy? and (c) how might this information be used to inform the discussion of challenges in prisoner re‐entry? Findings are based on a national survey among prison inmates in Norway, focusing on living conditions generally, as well as mental distress, drug use, and self‐efficacy. The findings indicate serious accumulation of disadvantage, and more welfare deficiencies among drug users and those suffering from mental distress. When it comes to prediction of mental distress, accumulation of welfare deficiencies and self‐efficacy both turned out as significant contributors. The findings are discussed both in terms of practical implications, and in terms of how they illustrate some of the shortcomings inherent in a traditional welfare research perspective.     

Development of a 24-plex Y chromosomal STR loci typing system

Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci can play important roles in forensic casework and paternity testing. In our paper, 24-plex Y-STR typing system, which includes 3 loci (DYS635 and DYS385a/b) existed in current widely available commercial kits and 21 additional loci (DYS531, DYS630, DYS622, DYS552, DYS510, DYS449, DYS459a/b, DYS446, DYS443, DYS587, DYS527a/b, DYS460, Y-GATA-A10, DYS520, DYS557, DYS522, DYS481, DYS570, DYS444) was established with 5-dye fluorescence labeling. 200 unrelated Chinese Han males were successfully genotyped with the system and 198 haplotypes were observed. The gene diversity of each locus ranged from 0.55 (DYS531) to 0.96 (DYS385a/b), the haplotype of diversity was 0.9998 for these 24 Y-STR loci. The established 24-plex Y-STR typing system is proved to be stable and efficient in forensic DNA typing.     

日韩两国居家养老服务比较及启示

随着人口年龄结构不断趋于老龄化,老年人成为社会服务的高需求人群,养老已经逐渐成为人们普遍关注的社会问题。选择何种养老模式是目前老年人面临的一个重要问题。在诸多养老模式中,依托社区的居家养老服务是能够满足老年人多样化需求,最符合现代的养老理念。文章通过日韩两国在选择养老模式方面所采取的措施,分析日韩两国发展居家养老服务的社会背景和相关内容,并通过分析,为促进中国居家养老服务事业提供启示。     

郑州市流动人口管理对策研究

文章立足于郑州市流动人口服务管理工作的实践,从治理的视角探讨流动人口的影响因素,并阐述了存在信息采集不完善、人口流动集中化、及就业困难等相关问题,然后分析了问题存在的原因及解决对策,为今后开展相关研究提供了很好的范例。     

陕西人口与生态环境现状及评价分析

人口、资源、环境构成生态环境系统的基本要素,对人口与生态环境现状的评价可以通过分析人口与资源、环境协调发展现状来实现。运用指标体系综合评价方法分析,陕西人口与资源协调发展水平越好,人口发展对生态环境脆弱性影响越小;反之影响越大。     

论一国两制下的粤港澳人口迁移

从粤港澳人口流动及其管理的历史、现状及其发展趋势考虑,为了实现两制下三地人口合理的长期流动和共同发展,需要充分加强政府合作和政策对接,调整赴港澳定居人口的素质比例,深化深圳、珠海特区职能,同时,采取相应的户籍管理政策,保证新移民在内地继续生活、工作的环境。     

试论墨子的人口伦理思想

墨子人口伦理的道德原则是兼爱，其道德规范有节用，节葬，非攻，节制蓄私，增殖人口、男女平等等。他人口伦理的道德根源是“天志”。其人性论基础是自然人性论。墨子人口思想对当代人口文化建设有着重要的借鉴意义。