政治学中的民族议题

突破中国民族话语中以“民族”概念专指少数民族的思维的限制就会发现,人类历史上的“民族”概念最早形成于欧洲,指的是具有国家形式的人群共同体。这样一种与国家结合在一起的民族,具体表现为国民的共同体,是在一个长期的历史过程中形成的。民族形成后便将形成过程中经历的人口国民化、国民整体化等蕴涵于自身,使其成为蕴涵一系列社会政治机制的人口组织形式,并为欧洲现代社会、现代国家和现代政治的形成奠定基础。在“民族”概念的使用范围拓展以后,不具国家形式的各种历史文化共同体也被以“民族”概念来指称和描述,从而使民族的种类迅速增加。这样的民族共同体又对民族国家的统一、稳定和治理产生着深刻的影响,在国内和国际政治关系中发挥着重要的作用。对如此形态多样和影响深远的民族现象,政治学者不能漠然视之,而必须积极主动地关注和研究。由此形成的民族议题,既是政治学理论和知识体系构建不可或缺的重要方面,也是解释中国现代国家的构建和发展及政治学知识体系完备和创新的重要渠道。     

The rise of a capitalist subsistence economy in Peru

The Peruvian economy depends for its growth on the export of its mineral resources. This dependency is derived from the country’s role in the international division of labour and is expressed in its export structure, economic structure and business structure. Peru’s dependency on its mineral resources, an economic structure that is principally made up of non-tradable sectors and a business structure dominated by micro businesses, make lasting economic progress very difficult. We argue that although the Peruvian economy is divided into an advanced economy and a capitalist subsistence economy, the country is not a dual economy where two sub-economies are economically and socially separated from each other and have structurally different modes of operation. The capitalist subsistence economy is characterized by low productivity levels and is expressed in remuneration rates at or near the minimum wage level. This structural feature of the Peruvian economy impedes the successful implementation of a process that would make the country less dependent on its natural resources and would set it on a development course of increased value-added production.     

中国人口政策与社会发展

人口问题是中国实现社会主义现代化建设目标面临的基础性、全局性、长期性、战略性问题, 中国超前的人口转变为经济发展创造了有利条件。进入新时代,人口发展不平衡不充分问题上升为我国人口发 展的主要矛盾。因此,要进一步促进生育政策和相关经济社会政策配套衔接,加强人口发展战略研究,积极应 对人口老龄化,从多学科、多层次、多维度研究完善人口政策体系,探索人口发展道路,实现人口长期均衡发展。     

美国监狱的行政隔离

监狱的行政隔离措施 ,一方面具有预防性作用 ,另一方面又具有保护性作用。因而 ,行政隔离的囚犯可分为二类 ,对于捣乱性囚犯 ,发挥预防性作用 ;对于受威胁的囚犯 ,则发挥保护性作用。始于 2 0世纪 6 0年代后期的囚犯权利运动影响了矫正系统管理捣乱性囚犯的方式 ,实践证明 ,行政隔离是处遇那些需要高度警戒囚犯的一项非常有价值的措施 ,不论他们对其他囚犯有威胁 ,还是自己处于其他囚犯的威胁之下。     

劳动关系对农村流动人口养老保险参保行为的影响 ——基于 2016 年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据

劳动关系始终是影响社会保险的重要因素,作为社会保险重要内容的养老保险同样受到劳动关系的深刻影响。基于2016年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据(CMDS),研究探讨了劳动关系对农村流动人口养老保险参保行为的影响,并进行了异质性检验。结果表明： (1)劳动关系显著影响养老保险参保行为。收入水平越高,用人单位越正规,参保概率越高;自我雇佣参保概率高于他雇;是否签订劳动合同与参保概率成正比。 (2)作为劳动关系的重要内容,劳动合同和月收入不仅直接影响养老保险参保行为,而且作为中介变量和调节变量对养老保险参保行为产生显著影响。从劳动关系角度提升参保水平的可能途径,一是逐步实现劳动合同全覆盖,二是提高劳动者收入水平。     

广西地区壮族人群17个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

目的调查广西地区壮族人群17个STR基因座遗传多态性,为法医物证鉴定和群体遗传研究提供基础数据。方法收集2624份广西地区壮族人群无关个体样本采用Chelex-100提取样本DNA,用PowerPlex■18D System试剂盒进行PCR扩增及检测,计算群体遗传学参数。结果17个常染色体STR基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05),共检测出235个等位基因,971种基因型,累积个体识别率(TDP)为0.999999999999999,累积非父排除率(CPE)为0.999999772。结论17个STR基因座在广西地区壮族人群中具有较好的遗传多态性,可以用于法医学中个体识别和亲权鉴定,也可用于群体遗传学及法医学研究。     

浅谈在"三基"建设中如何加强人口管理

深入推进“三基”工程建设,大力加强以人口管理为主的各项基础工作,切实解决好人口管理工作中存在的突出问题,对保护人民群众的合法权益,及时发现、预防、控制和打击违法犯罪活动,维护社会治安秩序,具有特别重要的意义。     

Influences on the Prisoner Rate: Number of Entries into Prison, Length of Sentences and Crime Rate

On the basis of the data contained in the European Sourcebook, this article tries to answer the question: 'What influences the prisoner rate most? The number of entries into prison, the length of sentences, or the crime rate?' The authors show that the crime rate is absolutely not correlated with the prisoner rate. The latter depends principally on the length of the imposed custodial sanctions and secondly on the number of those imposed prison sentences. Nevertheless, there are some indications suggesting that these results could be different from one type of offence to another. Unfortunately, this hypothesis could not be tested on the basis of the European Sourcebook data.     

The Modernist Manifesto of Alva and Gunnar Myrdal: Modernization of Sweden in the Thirties and the Question of Sterilization

How can one judge the policies of Alva Myrdal in the Thirties? Alva Myrdal, one of Sweden's best-known feminists, suggested sterilisation in her proposed family policy during that decade. In the internationally reported intensive Swedish debate in the autumn of 1997 on the Swedish forced sterilisation 1935–1975, Alva Myrdal's ideas played a major role. What picture of Alva Myrdal evolves out of that debate, and how does it stand in relationship to her own writings and the general discursive context of the Thirties? Chronocentrism is discussed.     

Genetic population data of 12 STR loci of the PowerPlex Y system in the state of São Paulo population (Southeast of Brazil)

Allele frequency distributions and population data for 12 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) included in the PowerPlex^®Y Systems (Promega) were obtained for a sample of 200 healthy unrelated males living in São Paulo State (Southeast of Brazil). A total of 192 haplotypes were identified, of which 184 were unique and 8 were found in 2 individuals. The average gene diversity of the 12 Y-STR was 0.6746 and the haplotype diversity was 0.9996. Pairwise analysis confirmed that our population is more similar with the Italy, North Portugal and Spain, being more distant of the Japan.