城市安全不能承受之重与流动人口不能承受之轻——兼论北京市流动人口犯罪预警机制的作用与完善

构建流动人口权益保障体制对于维护城市安全具有重要作用。本文分析了北京市流动人口犯罪的现状与原因,强调理性对待流动人口犯罪的必要性,提出应平等对待流动人口、在控制人口盲目流动的同时应当保障流动人口的基本权益,并发挥犯罪预警机制在预防流动人口犯罪中的作用。     

The Evidentiary Significance of Automotive Paint from the Northeast: A Study of Red Paint

This population study was conducted to assess the frequency of physical, microscopical, and chemical properties of automotive paint chips. Population studies of trace evidence provide valuable analytical data for criminalists to assess evidentiary significance. Two‐hundred automotive paint chips were collected from auto body shops from the Northeastern United States. All samples were analyzed using stereomicroscopy, brightfield, and polarized light microscopy. Red paints were targeted for further analysis using a sequence of modern instrumental techniques commonly used by forensic paint examiners: Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), Raman, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) microspectroscopy. The discrimination potential of each analytical method was evaluated by inter‐comparing the paint samples. Results demonstrated that macroscopic and microscopic properties were able to differentiate 99.995% of the population (one undifferentiated pair out of 19,900). When combined with either FT‐IR or UV–Vis microspectroscopy, all paints were differentiated. The results of this research lead to the conclusion that one would not expect to encounter two indistinguishable paint chips originating from different sources during the investigation of a single event.     

Measuring and explaining the marriage boom in the developed world

Using aggregated data from 25 developed countries over a lengthy period of time, this article presents a measure of the marriage boom observed in the twentieth century and an explanation for its causes. One of my main conclusions is that even though it basically developed after the Second World War, its origins are to be found before it. I found that, contrary to the views of some scholars, this boom was not a short-lived phenomenon, but actually lasted for 90 years on average. Using panel data analysis techniques, I am able to show that the rise in women’s education, state spending on social benefits, and larger percentages of people employed in the primary sector tended to discourage marriage. I also found a quadratic relationship between the nuptiality index and the per capita income and mortality rates.     

Stigmatized cohabitation in the Latvian region of the eastern Baltic littoral: nineteenth and twentieth centuries

The social history of coresidence arrangements in the Latvian region suggests that forms of cohabitation without marriage were present in the Latvian population since the eighteenth century when empirical evidence became available. Before the twentieth century, however, these forms remained marginal and seldom involved choice. The subject of severe criticism until the 1960s–1970s, such forms become more widespread thereafter as the Latvian population began to exhibit many key features of a second demographic revolution. Post-Soviet censuses now suggest that such coresidence patterns in the Latvian population approach the levels of those in most western European states, including the Scandinavian countries.     

危机预警中的政府信息管理与调控——基于人口安全预警系统的研究

对预警信息的科学调控能够有效提升危机预警工作质量。本文以人口安全预警系统为例,建构了预警系统参与要素协作模型和预警临界值选择模型。在此基础上,从信息要素与信息流角度分析了预警系统的整体构成、要素协作机制与信号表达机制,并进而反思了危机预警中的政府信息管理角色和信息调控模式,提出了提升预警预测精度和时间效率的途径与方法。     

东营市流动人口犯罪调研报告

东营市作为可持续发展的城市,流动人口犯罪具有其自身的特点,同时也具有全国其他省市流动人口犯罪的共性。在流动人口管理上同样有公安机关“一马拉大车”的现象,存在警力配置与经费的限制、流动人口动态情况掌握不够、出租房屋管理工作滞后等问题。因此,对于流动人口管理,应转变理念,健全流动人口管理综合体系,确立流动人口管理制度并加大打击力度,以遏制流动人口的违法犯罪。     

少子高龄化对日本经济的影响及启示——基于劳动力供给的视角

随着日本少子高龄化问题的不断加剧,日本经济受到严重影响,尤其对日本劳动力市场带来巨大挑战。目前,日本劳动力供给数量不足、年龄结构老化、年轻人失业率上升等问题日益凸显,女性劳动力、外国劳动力供给数量的增加虽然对劳动力不足有一定的弥补作用,但不能从根本上解决问题。日本政府一直高度重视少子高龄化带来的问题,并且积极采取措施解决劳动力供给不足现状,促进经济增长。对于少子高龄化速度不断加快的中国来说,为避免出现与日本相似的劳动力供给问题,政府应采取促进经济发展、落实全面放开二胎政策、完善社会保障制度、发展老龄产业等措施,防止未来中国劳动力供给不足问题的出现。     

浅议老年化社会的问题及对策

:据统计 ,我国老年人口已达到 1.3亿 ,占全国人口的 10 % ,按联合国的有关标准 ,我国已进入老年化社会。人口老龄化的现状与问题应予以重视 ,人口老龄化的负面效应需采取相应的措施来减少     

美国女犯矫正制度研究

美国监狱中关押罪犯的数量位居全球之首,监狱中女犯的数量同样庞大。女犯矫正制度成为美国矫正制度的重要组成部分。由于女犯的特殊性,在矫正制度上与男性罪犯有一定的差别,有一定的女性特色,有些做法值得我们借鉴。但是美国女犯矫正制度存在很多问题,结果导致女性罪犯释放后重新犯罪率较高,矫正效果很不理想。