Does procedural fairness matter for drug abusers to stop illicit drug use? Testing the applicability of the process-based model in a Chinese context

ABSTRACT

This study examined the influences of procedural fairness on Chinese drug users’ efforts to stop substance abuse, with a primary goal to test the applicability of the process-based model in the Chinese context. According to Tyler (1990 Tyler, T. (1990). Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. [Google Scholar], Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press), the core theoretical argument underpinning the process-based model is that if citizens consider the police to be fair in using their powers, they will view the police as legitimate and accordingly cooperate with the police and comply with the law. Using data from a sample of 202 Chinese drug users, this study found that procedural fairness has an indirect effect on drug users’ efforts to stop illicit drug use. Specifically, procedural fairness used by the police increased Chinese drug users’ efforts to stop substance abuse through its prior effects on drug users’ perceptions of police trustworthiness. These findings provide some support for the key arguments of the process-based model of regulation, and have important implications for the direction of efforts to encourage desistance-related behavior among substance abusers.     

论我国政府社会管理公平价值取向的现实依据

我国政府致力于社会管理，应以公平作为核心价值取向，其现实依据在于：公平是人类世代追求的价值理想和人类社会发展的客观趋势、是社会主义的本质要求、是社会主义现代化建设的现实需要、是政府应当承担的社会职责。     

程序正义的法文化考察

程序正义根植于古老的自然法思想,其观念和理论体系起源于英美法系。在中国,由于其独特的法文化而导致了法律观念和制度的缺陷,在讼诉实践中表现出“重实体、轻程序”的倾向。确保程序正义的实现,我们应转变诉讼模式,严格执行“诉讼法律责任”,并制定民主、中立、公正的诉讼制度。     

刑事代理制度的理论基础

刑事代理作为一项法律权利 ,具有利他性、权能性和自由性的属性。作为一项诉讼制度 ,它是刑事诉讼实体正义、程序正义 ,提高刑事诉讼效率的必然要求     

论庭审法官同一原则

庭审法官同一是刑事审判程序中一项重要的原则,对保证审判程序和结果的公正有着重要意义。庭审法官同一原则在法治发达国家的刑事审判中有明确规定或要求,而我国在刑事审判中没有完全确立这一原则。     

民事诉讼法修改的若干问题

我国现行《民事诉讼法》制定时间较早,未能全面反映一些先进的诉讼理念,并且存在着条文简单、粗糙,操作性不强的缺陷,因此有必要对其进行全面修订。本文提出了民事诉讼法修订的指导思想、立法框架,并对若干重大的程序问题进行了归纳和提示。     

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) detection limits for blood on fabric: Orientation and coating uniformity effects

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to analyze four types of forensically relevant fabrics coated with varying dilutions of blood. The blood was applied in two manners, dip coating with a smooth and uniform layer and drip coating with droplets from pipettes. Spectra of neat and dip coated fabrics were acquired using controlled orientations, and these were compared to spectra collected on samples with random orientations. The improved reproducibility seen in visual inspection of the spectra is confirmed by principal component and linear discriminant projections of the spectra, as well as by statistical hypothesis testing. Principal component regression (PCR), using the regions of the IR spectra associated with the amide A/B, I, II, and III vibrational bands (3500–2800, 1650, 1540, and 1350 cm⁻¹), was employed on the more uniform dip coated spectra to estimate limits of detection for blood on two of the four fabrics – acrylic and nylon. These results demonstrate that detection limits for blood on fabrics can be decreased significantly by controlling for the orientation and face of the fabric samples while collecting spectra. Limits of detection for acrylic and nylon were found to be 196 × and 227 × diluted blood, respectively.     

我国审判委员会制度存在的问题及对策研究

审判委员会制度是一项具有中国特色的司法制度,它在提高办案质量、维护司法独立等方面确实起到了一定的积极作用。然而,随着我国审判方式改革的不断深入,现行审判委员会制度日益背离公开、高效的审判机制改革的价值方向,在回避制度、受案范围和工作运行等方面的矛盾与不足也日益凸显。所以,从规范工作职责、健全工作机构和制定工作制度等几个方面对审判委员会制度进行改革是十分必要的。     

第三人撤销之诉的解释适用——以新《民事诉讼法》第56条的适用为视角

为遏制司法实践中频现的恶意诉讼、虚假诉讼,对遭受此类诉讼侵害的案外第三人提供有效的权利救济,新修订的《民事诉讼法》第56条第三款增加了第三人撤销之诉制度。该制度是立法者在追求司法的权威性、法律秩序的稳定性与追求实质正义的价值理念上博弈的成果。从第三人撤销之诉的立法渊源、内涵来看,对该制度在适用中应该予以限制,并且从我国新《民事诉讼法》第56条的解释适用方面出发,应当建立并完善该制度实施的程序设计及相关的配套措施,为实践提供借鉴。     

价值取向是地方政府绩效评估的深层结构

价值取向是地方政府绩效评估体系和绩效评估行为的深层结构 ,是地方政府绩效评估之魂。它对于稳定和变革地方政府绩效评估体系 ,引导和调整地方政府绩效评估行为具有十分重要的作用。建立地方政府绩效评估指标体系时 ,应正确把握评估价值取向变化的方向 ,科学整合评估价值取向 ,根据新的评估价值取向体系建立、调整和整合评估指标体系。