Media corruption and issues of journalistic and institutional integrity in post-communist countries: The case of Bulgaria

From a normative standpoint the media are usually seen as one of the pillars of a national integrity system, entrusted with the tasks of exposing and preventing acts of corruption and educating the public of the harm caused by corruption. Nevertheless, corruption continues to be one of the most significant challenges that Europe faces, undermining citizens' trust in democratic institutions and weakening the accountability of political leadership. Evidence suggests that in fragile EU democracies such as Bulgaria, despite more than eight years of full membership and numerous preventive measures, corruption is rife and the press is hardly capable of exposing abuses of power or authority. On the contrary - drawing on in-depth interviews with 35 Bulgarian journalists - this paper argues that since communism collapsed in the late 1980s the media in post-communist societies such as Bulgaria has gradually become an instrument to promote and defend private vested interests, and is plagued by corruption. Senior journalists and editors cast serious doubt over the ability of the post-communist free press and journalism to act as a watchdog for society.     

基层干部的担当作为:基于角色认同中介的动机与行为关系研究

激发基层干部的担当作为是当前中国公共管理实践的重大现实问题.采用行为公共管理学视角,以自我决定理论为基础,沿着"自主性-受控性"的轴线分析担当作为动机,以基层干部为样本(N=277),量化验证了自主动机的"内在调节:担当偏好""整合调节:担当价值观""认同调节:担当认同";受控动机的"内摄调节:担当心安感""外在调节:...     

资源理论与少数民族地区旅游经济的竞争优势——以广东连南瑶族自治县为例

文章以资源理论的Peteraf(1993)竞争优势模型为基础,引入了企业家型政府和支持系统、旅游资源保护及资源拥有者的积极性等因素,并以广东连南瑶族自治县为例,对少数民族地区旅游经济竞争优势的获取机理进行了分析,提出少数民族地区旅游经济竞争优势的框架模型。文章希望能够为少数民族地区的旅游经济可持续发展提供一个参考思路。     

Deliver us from Evil: Protecting the Child When Both Parents Ignore the Order of Protection

Orders of protection are regularly utilized to protect victims of domestic violence as well as their children, by restricting the subject from contact or specific activity with the protected parties. Unfortunately, it is common for the adult protected party to facilitate the violation of these orders in an effort to reconcile with the subject, placing children in danger. This undermines the protection that these orders were intended to offer; without penalty to the protected party. This Note proposes a model statute penalizing any party who knowingly endangers children by facilitating the violation of any order of protection; family or criminal.     

Considerations on Compiling the Part on Nature and Ecology Protection of China's Environmental Code

The legal protection of nature has progressed from a separated to integrated protection of resources and environment. Looking at nature from a dialectical and unified perspective, sustainable development requires such integrated protection of the ecosystem for public sharing of natural wealth, convergence of governance of environment and resources, and promotion of ecosystem-based integrated management of environment and resources. China's Nature and Ecology Protection Law is gradually moving towards comprehensive governance for protection of the overall ecosystem. We must work harder to make such a comprehensive governance possible. Thus, China's environmental code (Code) must be moderately developed, including choosing the right title, the scope of work, the objectives and the compiling mode, and establishing a multi-level and diverse integrated system, and addressing five major relationships.     

商标侵权中“商标性使用”的地位与认定

明确"商标性使用"的是与非,既是解决新型商标纠纷的实践需求,也牵涉商标法原理的基本构造。基于法定主义的立场,商标侵权构成中的"使用"应当是"商标性使用",即来源识别意义上的商标使用。"商标性使用"是商标侵权构成中与混淆可能性并列的一个独立要件。从理论上而言,"商标性使用"对应于商标财产化的程度,即对来源指示功能所产生的财产利益的保护。商标性使用的判断标准应采用"行为人主体标准",行为人使用行为的定性需要进行主客观的综合考察。行为人的主观意图并非不可知悉,在法律构造上需要进行的是主观判断的客观化努力。行为人主体标准在涉外定牌加工、关键词广告等边界案件中具有很强的适用性。     

客观归责论与实务上的规范判断

虽然我国实务上明确根据客观归责论说明裁判理由的案件很少,但客观归责论所揭示的规范判断方法对于判断客观构成要件符合性、限定处罚范围都很重要,因果关系的相当性说与客观归责论的差异也是根本性的。客观归责论所指明的刑法规范判断方向是完全正确的,至于是否非得使用客观归责论的相关术语,是否必须按照制造风险与实现风险的进路进行思考,并非问题的关键。对于绝大多数案件而言,分析实行行为违反何种行为规范以及其危险性何在、其是否直接指向结果等,就可以认为实务上承认或接受了客观归责论的规范思考。当然,实务上应当针对行为危险性是否存在、结果如何具体地进行归属的判断等较为复杂的情形进行规范维度的审慎检验,并应关注客观归责论在正当防卫等领域的适用可能。     

吉田松阴对孟子君臣观及人性论的诠释

吉田松阴是幕末著名的阳明学家,他分别中日国体不同,把孟子君臣观限制在中国,倡导"皇国史观"的国体论,但他依然吸收了孟子君臣观的思想因素。在面对藩主、将军和天皇三个效忠对象时,松阴强调对藩主和天皇的忠是无条件的、绝对的,而对将军的忠,更多的是出于民生和维持国内安定的考虑,假若幕府无法行使自己的责任,孟子所说的"汤武放伐"即可发挥理论作用。而且松阴认为所谓"性善"即"得五伦五常而不失于外",将忠孝仁义统归于"忠",以"忠"来解释"性善",赋予"忠"以普遍性和绝对性,改变了孟子性善论的内核,为其君臣观打下了人性论的理论根基。     

多维度的选举权——基于霍菲尔德权利理论的一个分析

选举权包含多种法规范上的地位和关系，可看作一个有关选举的权利束。按照霍菲尔德的权利理论，可以从权力、自由、豁免和求四个维度来理解选举权。在权力维度上，选举权意味着对授权和代表关系的法律控制力，选民行使选举权的结果便是授权和代表关系的形成、变动和消灭。在自由维度上，选举权意味着个人有权自由地行使选举权力，不受国家、组织和他人的干涉。在豁免维度上，选举权意味着公民有不受约束的选举自由，国家没有不当干预选举自由的权力。求维度的选举权与其他维度的选举权紧密相连，它以选举权之权力、自由和豁免三素为主张对象，在一定意义上，其他维度的选举权只有与求维度的选举权结合起来，才能变得更有力、更具有可实现性。     

构建“中国学派”的观念困境:基于比较视野的分析

构建"中国学派"的国际关系理论是一个歧见丛生、远未成型、前景未卜的话题。即便如此,对于其已经表现出来的具有较大影响的观念基础进行反思并不为时过早。通过从两个角度对"中国学派"背后所体现的观念进行比较,可以发现,"中国学派"面临的观念困境在于:如果我们批判西方作为深层差异之外在表现成果的国际关系理论,是否会株连到该内核的其他优势方面?在主张中国观念价值的同时,如何避免其潜在的弊端与危害?在中国社会改革持续深入的背景下,只有在社会改革的进程中实现了文化、文明和思想层面的崛起及民族精神革新之后,才能为国际关系理论的"中国学派"提供思想的活水源头。换言之,对理论的建构者而言,与其循着西方国际关系理论的弊端而思考建构理论,不如立足于思考中国民众所面临的问题——关于如何塑造强大的积极的个体、如何保持民族持续的发展和进步,进而思考我们理想的世界是什么样的。这些问题虽然看起来与国际关系理论相去稍远,但却能够保证理论应用的品质及其价值维度。