国际项目融资中的环境争端及其解决——以新加坡丰益集团印尼棕榈油项目案为例

如何避免和解决国际项目融资中的环境争端,现已成为各国政府、投资方、项目所在地的当地社群以及国际组织等各方密切关注的问题。2007年新加坡丰益集团印尼棕榈油项目案受到了国际社会的高度关注。审查该案的是世界银行合规顾问/监察专署(CAO)。CAO允许可能受到项目直接影响的个人、社群或非政府组织就项目产生的社会和环境问题提出申诉。国际金融公司(IFC)的履行标准是CAO裁决的重要准据,而非政府组织的一些理念和准则也可能成为争端解决的依据。这使得私方在争端的进程和争端解决中占据着重要地位。投资东道国政府应考虑对相关的国内法规适时进行修改完善,同时关注非政府组织的动向,以免在争端发生时陷入被动。     

European Court of Justice rules on the protection of databases under the Database Directive (96/9/EC)

The European Court of Justice has ruled on the circumstances in which databases may be protected by the Database Directive. In a decision that renders the protection of databases a narrow concept, the ECJ appears to have introduced a new requirement that a database must comprise its author's “creative ability” in order to qualify for protection as a copyright work.     

Data protection in Malaysia and Hong Kong: One step forward,two steps back?

Continuing rapid developments in information communication technology has led to an ever increasing amount of personal information being collected, processed, stored and used, without the individual even knowing about it. For countries which have domestic legislation relating to privacy and data protection, it has afforded the opportunity for a review. For others, it has opened up the opportunity to legislate. The aim of the paper is three-fold. First, the paper aims to deal with data protection regime in Malaysia and in Hong Kong by examining the salient features of the newly enacted Malaysia's Personal Data Protection Act 2010 and the recent recommendations for legislative reform to the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance in Hong Kong. Second, it considers whether the laws are more concerned with legitimising data protection practices of organizations and businesses rather than the protection of individuals' privacy interests. Finally, the paper briefly considers whether the laws adequately address the impact to individuals' data privacy brought about by technological advancements before providing a conclusion.     

我国商事信托信息披露制度的问题及其对策

我国的商事信托信息披露制度实施过程中,由于立法的简约和外部成本的存在,导致信托公司信息披露状况与社会需求之间的现实差距。在遵循公开性和保密性相结合原则的提前下,其改进措施应体现在信托公司内部治理机制的完善、规范性法律文件的统一以及信息披露民事赔偿义务的具体化等方面。     

人权保护视野下的侦查理念

侦查理念是人们对如何开展、怎样开展侦查活动的认识结晶。侦查理念指导侦查机关的侦查活动,是侦查机关依法行使侦查权力、办理刑事案件的行动指南。当前树立人权保护的侦查理念并让其转化为侦查机关的自觉行动是十分必要的。我们要树立正确的权力观念,正确行使权力,要对一切合法的权利给予同等的尊重和维护。     

刑事合理性原则初探

法律上的合理性原则,一般与自由裁量权紧密联系。在刑事法律领域,合理性原则与罪刑法定原则一样,其出发点在于对国家行使刑罚权进行必要的限制。在现代刑法理论中,罪刑法定原则最能体现出合法性原则对刑事裁量权的制约。但是,罪刑法定原则也存在一定的不足,这需要合理性原则加以补充;并且,在合法性的前提下,刑罚权的运用、法律解释以及刑事司法中的法官释法、自由裁量等,还需要以合理性加以限制,才不会出现形式的公正造成了实质的不公正的局面。     

Forensic Identification of Seal Oils Using Lipid Profiles and Statistical Models

Seal blubber oils are used as a source of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Canada but prohibited in the United States and (FA) European Union. Thus, a reliable method is needed to identify oils originating from seals versus fish. Two lipid profiling methods, fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography and triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, were applied with statistical models to discriminate commercial oils and blubber samples harvested from marine fish and seals. Significant differences were observed among FA profiles, and seal samples differed from each of the fish oils (p ≤ 0.001). FA and TAG profiles were used to discriminate sample groups using a random forest classifier; all samples were classified correctly as seals versus fish using both methods. We propose a two‐step method for the accurate identification of seal oils, with preliminary identification based on FA profile analysis and confirmation with TAG profiles.     

未成年人犯罪领域的非犯罪化研究

在非犯罪化思潮影响之下，未成年人犯罪领域的非犯罪化趋势在我国已经有所体现，这是对未成年犯罪人司法保护的新突破。实现未成年人犯罪领域的非犯罪化具有重要的价值意义。在具体制度建构上，可以在实体法上减少未成年人罪名规定或规定未成年人特殊情形；在司法程序上，则应建立未成年人刑事和解和不起诉制度。     

论私有财产权的行政法地位

2004年"私产入宪"是我国公民财产权保护的一大历史跃进,它彰显了国家对个人财产权利的尊重和保护。从本质上来看,与宪法关系最密切的行政法在保护公民私有财产上应该大有作为,然而由于理论研究的欠缺和惯性思维的使然,我们往往将行政法上的公民私有财产权等同于民法上的权利,导致公民私有财产权在行政法保护上的弱化。因此,在行政法上对私有财产权的地位进行界定就显得非常重要。     

可持续发展是全人类的共同使命

全球性问题的产生,迫使人类反思过去,探讨新的发展战略。新发展观把经济发展与环境保护有机结合,要求自然、经济、社会协调一致,实现人类社会全面、稳定、健康、持续发展。但其实施面临许多重大障碍,需要人类密切合作,共同进行长期的努力。