网络服务合同中不平等条款的类型及其法律规制——以虚拟财产权的保护为视角

网络服务合同是确立网络运营商与用户双方权利义务的协议,是用户行使及保护其虚拟财产权的重要依托。实务中由于网络服务合同缺乏完善的法律规范,导致其中存在大量不公平的争议条款,当法律纠纷出现时,严重不利于用户对其虚拟财产权的保护与行使。如何在法律上对网络服务合同进行规制以及在司法实践中如何认定部分争议类型条款的有效性将是保护网络虚拟财产的重中之重。正基于此,在分析网络服务合同与虚拟财产权保护的主要矛盾,探讨网络服务合同中部分争议类型条款之后,对网络服务合同的法律规范提出相关建议。     

欧洲整合背景下的德国行政程序变革

伴随欧洲整合以及欧盟法的"同一化"趋势,德国行政法正历经重大变革。在这之中,行政程序堪称是受冲击最大的领域。传统的德国行政程序由于受到"程序仅具有辅助意义"的理念影响,处处体现出追求行政便宜和程序经济、弱化程序价值和相对人程序权利的趋向;而特别强调程序保障的欧盟法则通过直接有效性、优先适用性、同等程度的保护以及有效原则等多种机制,促使德国开始进行大范围的行政程序改革,这些变革内容包括行政公开原则的确立、对公民程序基本权利的承认以及加速行政许可的制度设计等。这些变革为德国行政法迎来了新的发展契机,它也同样为我们提供了绝佳的了解与观察法律整合的范例。     

未注册驰名商标保护及其制度完善

未注册驰名商标属于驰名商标范畴,但在受法律保护方面与已注册驰名商标存在较大差异。保护未注册驰名商标具有正当性,符合商标权作为私权保护的立法意旨,体现了法律的公平正义精神,有利于制止不正当竞争行为。未注册驰名商标在理论和实践中有很多问题需要澄清,如未注册驰名商标能否因使用而获得商标权利。从立法层面看,未注册驰名商标受到了国际公约和很多国家商标立法的保护。我国法律对未注册驰名商标的保护经历了一个逐步完善的过程。在第三次修改《商标法》的过程中,应对未注册驰名商标保护做出修改和完善。     

从ACTA看国际知识产权保护的趋势与动向

ACTA是由美、日等知识产权强国发起的旨在全面加强国际贸易中知识产权保护的诸边协议。ACTA内容广泛,主要包括知识产权保护的民事、行政、刑事、边境及数字环境执法等四类措施和保护手段,较之《TRIPS协议》,ACTA在知识产权执法水平上提出了更高的要求,进一步凸显了知识产权国际保护的发展趋势。     

两岸知识产权刑事保护立法比较研究

我国大陆和台湾地区都对知识产权进行刑事保护。通过对两岸知识产权刑事保护立法的比较,能为我国大陆知识产权保护刑事立法的改革和完善提供思路。     

论公共视频监控中公民隐私权的保护

公共视频监控是当前公安机关确保城市公共安全的主要技术手段,是技术防范手段在公安工作中的具体体现。但公共视频监控如果运用不当,则会侵犯公民的隐私权。应从以下几个方面采取措施对公民隐私权予以保护：1.健全相关法律法规;2.制定统一的视频监控标志;3.规范视频监控部门的管理制度;4.提高公众保护自我和尊重他人隐私权的意识。     

中国公民湄公河被害案对海外公民安全的执法保护之启示

跨境联合执法保护涉及现时保护、联合侦查和取证和警务外交等环节和要素。中国公民湄公河被害隶,为执法保护理论到实践的深层次发展提供了一次很鲜明的例证。海外公民安全保护的警务对策需从以下方面提升效能：升级驻外警务联络处保护公民安全的功能．以信息平台为纽带建立全球的联盟体系,建立海外民间联盟。     

Getting to Grips with Sexual Grooming? The New Offence under the Sexual Offences Act 2003

In recent years, there has been increased societal concern regarding the dangers posed to children by sexual abuse and other related acts. For the main part, this article examines the new offence of meeting a child following sexual grooming under Section 15 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. I will address the question of whether the introduction of this offence is likely to meet the Government's aim of providing greater protection for children against behaviour associated with sexual abuse. In particular, I will consider how difficult it will be to prove the existence of a harmful ulterior intent in order to make out the offence and why the Government has opted to create this specific offence rather than utilise the existing law of criminal attempt. I will argue that the new offence is a step in the right direction and that the current protection offered to children will be significantly extended by its introduction.     

Deliver us from Evil: Protecting the Child When Both Parents Ignore the Order of Protection

Orders of protection are regularly utilized to protect victims of domestic violence as well as their children, by restricting the subject from contact or specific activity with the protected parties. Unfortunately, it is common for the adult protected party to facilitate the violation of these orders in an effort to reconcile with the subject, placing children in danger. This undermines the protection that these orders were intended to offer; without penalty to the protected party. This Note proposes a model statute penalizing any party who knowingly endangers children by facilitating the violation of any order of protection; family or criminal.     

Considerations on Compiling the Part on Nature and Ecology Protection of China's Environmental Code

The legal protection of nature has progressed from a separated to integrated protection of resources and environment. Looking at nature from a dialectical and unified perspective, sustainable development requires such integrated protection of the ecosystem for public sharing of natural wealth, convergence of governance of environment and resources, and promotion of ecosystem-based integrated management of environment and resources. China's Nature and Ecology Protection Law is gradually moving towards comprehensive governance for protection of the overall ecosystem. We must work harder to make such a comprehensive governance possible. Thus, China's environmental code (Code) must be moderately developed, including choosing the right title, the scope of work, the objectives and the compiling mode, and establishing a multi-level and diverse integrated system, and addressing five major relationships.