新加坡网络内容管理的经验及启示

新加坡作为世界网络互联程度最高的国家之一,在网络内容管理方面采取“三管齐下”的方针,一是实施轻触式管理制度,二是鼓励行业自律,三是加强公众教育,提高网络安全意识。近年来,随着网络应用的日益广泛,新加坡出台了《分类许可证制度》、《互联网操作规则》和《垃圾邮件控制法案》等政策法规以完善其网络管理。新加坡网络内容管理既实行严格的法律制度,也实行价值观宣传等柔性管理政策。新加坡相关政策的制定不仅符合其本国历史文化及发展实践,还随着网络的广泛应用以及政府的重视而日益完善,其成功经验值得学习和借鉴。     

Does Public Spending Improve Citizens’ Quality of Life? An Analysis of Municipalities’ Leisure Supply

This paper offers new evidence regarding the impact of public spending on the supply of leisure services on citizens’ spare-time quality of life. Using data from 103 Italian capital municipalities covering the period 2007–2010, the analysis revealed that public spending on leisure impacted spare-time quality of life in various ways, depending on the category of spending. Spending for tourism essentially followed an upward path, linearly enhancing citizens’ spare-time quality of life. Surprisingly, municipalities’ spending on sport- and culture-related services had a non-linear impact. Hence, spending on sports within a maximum threshold reveals a positive impact on spare-time quality of life, whereas passing over a minimum level of public spending for culture-related projects had a positive effect. This paper provides helpful suggestions for policymakers who approach decisions that address whether it is worth spending on leisure, which is typically a non-basic need but one that must be properly satisfied by municipalities in today’s service-based society.     

Attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy in Asia and the Pacific: a quantitative assessment of current theoretical models beyond western countries

This article empirically assesses the validity of current theoretical models of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper takes representative data from the World Values Survey and implements a multilevel model to test five of the main theories in the literature: the human capital theory, the social capital theory, the political orientation theory, the contact/group threat theory and the economic competition theory. The results from the analysis lend credence to the important effects of human capital, social capital and political-ideological variables on respondents’ attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy. However, the results provide mixed and weak evidence for the contact/group threat theory and the role of economic determinants. Importantly, economic determinants tend to be more powerful in shaping people's attitudes toward immigration policy than shaping attitudes toward immigrants as people. Altogether, this article sheds new light on the validity of current theoretical models based on western countries for other areas of the world. Finally, the results from the paper also support the usefulness of non-economic, as opposed to purely economic, models in the understanding of individuals’ attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy in the Asia-Pacific region.     

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) in local services: risk-sharing and private delivery of water services in Spain

Local governments are increasingly utilising the public–private partnership (PPP) model as a means of organising service delivery in the public–private domain. This article examines the experiences with construction and operation of 131 PPP wastewater treatment plants in the region of Aragon, Spain. The study highlights how an inadequate management of construction risk and unsuitable transfer of demand and revenue risk resulted in significant time delays in execution of the PPP projects. The research also shows how the involvement of public bodies at local, regional and national level further added to the complexity of implementing the projects. The findings contribute to the literature on local service delivery and provide insights regarding risk transfer in long-term PPP contracts for the delivery of local services in general and water services in particular.     

Power and Public Chambers in the development of civil society in Russia

Embodying a state vision of how civil society ought to function and be designed by the authorities, Public Chambers in Russia have been criticized as means of state control. This state dominance is the starting point in this article, which asks what room to manoeuvre a regional Public Chamber has. Drawing upon fieldwork this article examines how members and local observers of the Public Chamber give meaning to this activity. The analysis assesses the role of state dominance, discussion of routines and responses to local demands, and concludes that these incremental developments form civil society in Russia.     

重估民事执行权运行模式

西方执行权运行模式固然有当事人主义与职权主义的差别,但即使在前一模式下,执行权在各单项执行措施中也并不总是消极的。部分国家采取前一模式是因为其实行过分松散的执行权分配体制。改革中出现的当事人主义主张照搬诉讼程序的理念,名为保护处分权实为加重债权人负担。应该区分执行实施权和执行裁判权的运行模式,至少前者应是积极主动的。我国的执行权分配体制使得执行员能够拥有程序选择权。执行机构的程序选择权与当事人的处分权是可以并行不悖的。     

全面实施素质教育 推动公安教育改革

大力开展素质教育是跨入21世纪公安工作的客观要求,而德育是公安素质教育的核心,创新能力与实践能力的培养是其重点,课程、教材、教法和考试配套改革是其基础工作,师资队伍建设是其成败的关键。只有全面实施素质教育,推动公安教育改革,才能使公安教育适应公安工作的需要,培养出高素质的人才。     

关于人大常委会对公安机关实施个案监督的探讨

监督公安工作是各级人大常委会的职能之一,实施个案监督是一种行之有效的办法。人大常委会通过个案询问、听取汇报、专案调查、提出意见等方式,对公安机关办理的违法犯罪案件和公安执法人员职务违法案件行使监督职权,对加强公安队伍建设,推进依法治国有着重要的现实意义。     

直面“入世” 浦东公安面临的挑战与思考

“入世”将使浦东公安工作在打击各类刑事犯罪、维护国家安全、提高公安行政管理水平和公安队伍整体素质等方面面临严峻挑战。浦东公安机关要全力维护社会政治稳定,打击各类刑事犯罪和经济犯罪活动。加强内保和行政治安管理,为“入世”后浦东的经济发展提供服务和保障。为此,要正确处理好发展与稳定等几种关系,加强公安队伍的建设。     

基于分布式感应器的公安无线网络入侵检测模型

目前无线网络面临众多安全威胁,公安无线网络在构建初期就要充分考虑其安全性。公安网络安全问题应在公安无线网络自身特点基础上,对已有无线网络入侵检测系统进行比较分析;基于分布式感应器的公安移动自组网入侵检测模型,并对警用通信设备的安全性提出要求。