氰肽氟苯胺中毒的检验

<正> 氰肽氟苯胺(Gitalopam)为一种抗抑郁药,分子式为C_(20)H_(21)FN_(20),分子量324.397。其药物为外消旋混合物,商品为盐酸盐形式。服用该药4h,血中药物浓度达到峰值,其主要代谢物为N-去甲基氰肽氟苯胺。该药在欧洲应用较多,国外对该药的提取方法,多为液液萃取。作者曾遇到过1例因服用该药过量导致躁狂症发作,跳楼死亡案例,并结合这起案例的鉴定,初步建立了用固相萃取及GC/MS方法检验血中氰肽氟苯胺的最佳分析条件,成功地完成了案件的鉴定。     

利用GC—CI—MS／MS时间编程技术分析混合农药

目的研究生物组织中两种混合农药(敌敌畏、克百威)的痕量确认方法;方法采用时间编程方法和GC-CI-MS/MS技术,选择在共振方式下,用CI化学源在4min~6.5min以敌敌畏的分子离子(M 1)221为母离子进行MS/MS分析;结果其碰撞诱导电压为0.5v,产生的二级质谱子离子为141,145;在6.5min~13min以克百威的分子离子(M 1)222为母离子进行MS/MS分析,其碰撞诱导电压为0.4v,产生的二级质谱子离子为165,123;结论排除背景干扰、定性快而准确。     

GATT/WTO下的环境——贸易争端评析

随着国际环境法的发展 ,GATT/WTO受理的环境———贸易争端呈现出三个阶段的变化。发达国家扩展其国内环境法的域外效力而与致力于经济目标的发展中国家产生贸易冲突 ,使这类争端日益增多 ;GATT/WTO争端解决机构适用法律时逐渐接受环保理念 ;争端解决机制通过一系列改革逐步提高了处理环境与贸易交叉问题的能力。但是 ,GATT/WTO的贸易法原则和贸易争端解决机制决定了它不可能成为解决环境———贸易争端的理想机制。     

血中汽油成分的SPME-GC/MS/MS法分析

<正> 汽油的主要成分是低分子量高挥发性的低碳烃和甲苯、二甲苯等烷基苯,以及一些芳香族化合物。在以汽油为助燃剂的火灾现场,往往能从烧死尸体的血液中检测到汽油和其在燃烧分解过程中产生的碳氢化     

Analytical Challenge in Postmortem Toxicology Applied to a Human Body Found into a Lake after Three Years Immersion

The body of a 30‐year‐old woman was found in Como lake at a depth of about 120 meters in her own car after 3 years of immersion. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychoactive drugs as well as alcohol biomarkers in biological matrices. The following analyses were initially performed: GC‐MS systematic toxicological analysis on biological fluids and tissues; GC‐MS analysis of drugs of abuse on pubic hair; direct ethanol metabolite determination in pubic hair by LC‐MS/MS. After 7 years, the samples, that had been stored at ?20°C, were re‐analyzed and submitted to an LC‐MS/MS targeted screening method, using multiple reaction monitoring mode. These analyses detected citalopram (150–3000 ng/mL), desmethylcitalopram (50–2300 ng/mL), clotiapine (20–65 ng/mL), and ethyl glucuronide (97 pg/mg). The methods showed an acceptable reproducibility, and the concentrations of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram calculated through the two analytical techniques did not significantly differ in biological fluids.     

我国著作权法引入惩罚性赔偿制度研究

我国著作权法引入惩罚性赔偿机制具有理论正当性和现实必要性。为避免出现“双刃剑”效应,我国在合理建构著作权惩罚性赔偿制度时,需注意两方面问题：其一,应当结合我国现阶段著作权交易的实际情况,审慎界定惩罚性赔偿的适用条件;其二,应当妥善处理好惩罚性赔偿与法定赔偿的关系,避免对侵权行为人施加重复性惩罚。     

Defending What From Whom? Debating Citizen Disengagement

This article constitutes a pointed theoretical intervention in the debate opposing Richards and Smith to Flinders on the question of citizen disengagement. Its main contention is that Richards and Smith offer a straw‐man argument against Flinders by identifying him with positions he does not hold. It thus shows that Richards and Smith falsely identify Flinders with the following positions: (a) there is no need for a major overhaul in the UK's existing democratic and governance arrangements; (b) the problem of citizen disengagement is caused by the public's insatiable demand for democratic participation; and (c) the problem with British politics is that there is too much democracy and accountability. Finally, the article closes by identifying points of genuine tension between the Richards/Smith position and that defended by Flinders.     

Second-Generation Policy Priorities for Colonias and Informal Settlements in Texas

Along the Texas border with Mexico, more than 400,000 people live in over 2,000 informal self-help settlements known as colonias. These exceedingly low-income, largely Latino settlements have historically suffered from severe health risks, poor infrastructure and housing conditions, and physical and social isolation. Researchers and policymakers have focused extensively on what I call “first-generation policy priorities.” This has primarily entailed efforts to regularize title and infrastructure, support self-help home improvement for colonia homeowners, and prevent the growth of new informal settlements along the border region. I provide a comprehensive review of existing research on colonias to document the myriad ways in which housing and infrastructure conditions and titling practices have changed since these settlements first proliferated throughout the border region in the second half of the 20th century. These changes necessitate a rethinking of the policy priorities for colonias and informal settlements throughout the state. In particular, I argue that colonias must be recast to recognize the significant improvements that have taken place but also the long-term and sometimes severe problems that persist. These “second-generation policy priorities” include the development of sustainable forms of governance, regulation, and finance to address ongoing infrastructure investment needs in colonias; supporting access to and upkeep of safe and affordable renter- and owner-occupied housing through both self-help and contractor-led projects; ensuring long-term title clarity; and promoting community organizing in new and aging settlements.     

Sudan and South Sudan: identity,citizenship, and democracy in plural societies

This article discusses the institutional legacy of colonialism and how that has affected citizenship in Sudan and South Sudan. It argues that the colonial project made a legal distinction, especially in how citizenship was defined. It outlines problems facing Sudan and South Sudan and the challenges in managing a diverse population. It argues that a failure to build a democratic polity by resorting to ethnic federalism will divide the country along ethnic lines and prevent the emergence of a truly inclusive nation. Finally, the article discusses an alternative solution to the political crisis facing both Sudan and South Sudan, namely citizenship and the establishment of an inclusive framework to manage diverse populations within a unified nation. The article concludes with a discussion of the New Sudan Framework by situating it within the larger debate on democratic nation-building while also discussing its alignment with regional and international law.     

The Normativity of the Private Ownership Form

One of the most acute charges against private property observes that ownership generates a trespassory duty of exclusion that far exceeds the requirements of a commitment to values such as freedom and well‐being, and accordingly there exists an analytical mismatch between the form of protecting ownership and the functions that this protection may serve. This article develops a novel account of ownership's normativity, maintaining that, apart from the functions it may render to external values, the form of ownership is in itself a source of value, in virtue of the society it may engender between free and equal persons. Any gap between the form and the function of ownership need not plague private ownership, because the functions of ownership do not exhaust the explanation of its good. The formal core of private property is a distinctively social one, even in the most isolated case of trespass to property.