食品药品领域检察公益诉讼适用惩罚性赔偿研究

食品药品安全领域案件管辖范围不是一成不变的,食品药品的概念不是确定案件管辖范围的唯一标准.食品药品范围应当理解为广义,可以将与食品药品紧密联系的相关产品的案件纳入可诉范围中,保健品、"药妆"属于食品药品领域范围内.探索推动食品药品领域内惩罚性赔偿的诉讼请求和责任承担方式具有理论和实践上的必要性,应当支持在食品药品领域检...     

在校学生实习或兼职人身伤害赔偿适用法律探讨

高校、职业学校的在校学生在企业中实习或兼职,其性质属青年劳动力就业前的职业培训活动,对我国社会后备劳动力的培养及帮助学生从学校过渡到职场就业具有重要意义。实习学生的劳动技能、工作经验、服务期限等虽有异于企业内的普通劳动者,但其身份仍应认定属企业的特殊劳动者。在实习或兼职时受到人身伤害事故应依法认定为工伤,纳入我国工伤保险体系予以保障。人身伤害事故商业保险及城镇居民医疗保险可作为学生实习或兼职时人身伤害赔偿的重要补充手段。     

不当妊娠之诉损害赔偿问题探讨

不当妊娠之诉是医学的发展对法律提出的新挑战。以McFarlane案为视角，介绍了英美法系和大陆法系不当妊娠之诉中损害赔偿问题的不同规定，结合我国关于不当妊娠之诉的司法实践和域外法的启示，对于我国不当妊娠之诉损害赔偿请求权和损害赔偿范围进行了探讨。     

Contract Damages, Corrective Justice and Punishment

This article re-examines the established principle that contract damages compensate but do not punish from the theoretical perspective of corrective justice and, in particular, the version advocated by Professor Ernest Weinrib. Weinrib argues that corrective justice affirms the traditional view that contract damages should be circumscribed by compensatory functions, and the notion of punitive damages is inconsistent with the structure of corrective justice and hence contractual rights. The correctness of this conclusion depends, however, on what is understood by punishment. This article argues that punishment is not necessarily explicable only as a form of state punishment, but may (adopting the retributive idea of punishment expounded by Jane Hampton) also be understood as a form of correlatively-structured response that redresses the moral injury inflicted by one's conduct on another. If that is the case, punitive damages for breach of contract may be justified even within the framework of corrective justice.     

论注册会计师不实财务报告的民事责任

注册会计师因过失出具虚假财务报告而致第三人受损的,应作为独立的责任主体对第三人承担责任,此种责任的归责原则为过错推定。独立审计准则是行业协会的内部自律性规则,不能作为认定会计师过错的法定标准,应以“职业注意义务”作为衡量会计师过错的标准,会计师一旦因故意或过失出具不实财务报告,应认定与委托人构成共同侵权,对第三人承担连带赔偿责任。     

我国著作权法引入惩罚性赔偿制度研究

我国著作权法引入惩罚性赔偿机制具有理论正当性和现实必要性。为避免出现“双刃剑”效应,我国在合理建构著作权惩罚性赔偿制度时,需注意两方面问题：其一,应当结合我国现阶段著作权交易的实际情况,审慎界定惩罚性赔偿的适用条件;其二,应当妥善处理好惩罚性赔偿与法定赔偿的关系,避免对侵权行为人施加重复性惩罚。     

The Assessment of Gain-Based Damages for Breach of Contract

This article argues that there are two different measures of gain-based damages for breach of contract: the Wrotham Park measure and the Blake measure. The former is assessed by reference to the objective value of the benefit received by the defendant and the latter by reference to the defendant's subjective gain. In assessing Wrotham Park damages the courts apply a fixed formula, determining the price that a reasonable person in the position of the claimant might have demanded from the defendant at the time of breach for relaxing its rights under the contract. The Blake measure is different; it requires the defendant to disgorge the actual net profit received from the breach. Unlike the Wrotham Park measure, it deals only with positive and not negative gains. It is also limited by the doctrine of causation so that only those gains that are 'directly occasioned' by the breach are recoverable.     

惩罚性赔偿与食品消费安全制度构建

要我国现行法律对食品消费侵权事件受害人的权益保护不足，受害人主张权利的积极性不高。在食品消费领域建立惩罚性赔偿制度一方面可以加强受害人权益的保护，另一方面还可以增加违法成本，调动社会公众与食品安全违法行为作斗争的积极性。食品消费惩罚性赔偿应当以违法者主观存在故意或重大过失为前提条件，并确立合理的赔偿标准，以保证赔偿应有的公平性及打击食品违法活动的针对性。     

论惩罚性赔偿在环境侵权中的适用

随着我国经济的高速发展,环境污染和生态破坏事件也愈加频繁。这些损害后果一旦造成,将严重侵害到不特定多数人的人身权益、财产权益和环境权益。环境侵权的特征和客体决定了惩罚性赔偿具有可适用的必要性和可能性。我国立法层面针对既损害私人利益(主要是人身权益),又损害公共利益的行为已经引入了惩罚性赔偿,但其适用范围太窄,环境侵权领域也应当适用惩罚性赔偿。     

Strict Liability for Police Nonfeasance? The Kinghan Report on the Riot (Damages) Act 1886

The Riot (Damages) Act 1886 imposes a no‐fault obligation on police forces to compensate owners of property damaged in rioting. Following the riots across England in 2011 an independent Home Office review, the Kinghan Report, concluded that the fundamental principle of the Act should be retained, while the machinery should be modernised. The Report conceives of the Act as a useful, if highly unusual, compensation scheme that may ease socio‐economic problems in riot‐prone areas. This article questions that position. Strict liability offers potential advantages in contentious claims against public authorities, providing an incentive for the police to perform their duty to keep the peace while averting the questioning of police decision‐making that claims in negligence would inevitably require. The best alternative to negligence liability might not be ‘no liability’ (the general position now at common law), or liability based on ‘serious fault’ (as the Law Commission proposed in 2008), but liability without fault.