市场准入与国内规制在WTO法中应如何合理界分

随着“美国———赌博”案裁决的终结,市场准入与国内规制的关系问题备受关注。WTO法对成员方市场准入与国内规制措施存在不同约束,但对相关条款如何辨别和适用于两类不同措施缺乏明确的规定。在GATT项下,由于关于第3条注释的存在,GATT第3条与第11条相互排斥,且第3条优先适用。在GATS项下,市场准入与国内规制既有区分,也存在适用中的重合,为此需要对第16条中的市场准入的限制措施从严界定,以避免该规定侵占WTO原本为成员方所保留的国内规制自由的领地。     

定量因素在犯罪成立条件中的地位——兼论犯罪构成理论的完善

在刑法中规定定量因素不是我国首创,各国根据国情的不同,对轻微反社会行为或者交司法机关以诉讼方式处理,或者交行政机关予以行政处罚。不同国家选择不同路径,既是其主观考量的结果,也有客观情势使其不得不然的因素。我国刑法中定量因素的存在有其充分理由;行政处罚、劳动教养等制度虽然有待于完善,但这不是否定刑法中的定量因素的理由。对刑法明文规定的和犯罪构成要件有关的定量因素应在犯罪成立的积极条件中进行形式判断,对综合性的定量因素应当在犯罪成立的消极条件中进行实质判断,从而将“情节显著轻微危害不大的”的行为予以剔除。     

DNA internal standard for the quantitative determination of hallucinogenic plants in plant mixtures

Here, we show a new, simple, and rapid SYBR Green-based Real-Time PCR assay for the quantification of hallucinogenic plants in plant mixtures. As a test plant, Salvia divinorum Epling & Játiva-M., a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family able to induce hallucinations, changes in perception, or other psychologically induced changes with similar potency as LSD, was used. The method was tested on seven mixtures 100/0%, 80/20%, 60/40%, 40/60%, 20/80%, 10/90%, 0/100% (w/w) S. divinorum versus a non-hallucinogenic plant, Salvia officinalis. Total DNA was extracted from samples and quantified by Real-Time PCR. Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA was added, as internal standard, at the beginning of each extraction. A new formula for the interpretation of Real-Time PCR data, based on the relative quantification of DNA extracted from mixture versus a reference DNA extracted from a known amount of pure S. divinorum, was developed. The results of this work show an almost perfect correspondence between Real-Time PCR-calculated weight and the weight estimated by an analytical weighted method, proving the effectiveness of this method for the quantitative analysis of a given species in a plant mixture.     

正交设计在实时定量PCR检测条件优化中的应用

目的探索正交设计在实时定量PCR检测条件优化中的应用，找出扩增ICAM-1基因的最佳条件。方法建立大鼠皮肤损伤模型，采用正交设计实时定量PCR的各影响条件，提取损伤处皮肤组织总RNA反转录成cDNA，cDNA作为模板，通过特异性引物扩增ICAM-1基因。对扩增曲线和融解曲线制定评分标准，量化不同实验条件下的扩增结果并进行统计分析。结果退火温度、模板量和引物浓度直接影响扩增效果，但三因素间无相互作用。结果经统计学分析表明退火温度61℃、模板cDNA用量0．4μg和引物终浓度150μmol／L为实时定量PCR检测ICAM-1基因的最佳条件组合。结论正交设计是一种切实可行、快速经济的实时定量PCR检测条件优化方法。     

《工伤保险条例》实施效果及立法完善——基于定量分析的思考

统计分析煤矿、铁路行业等风险较大行业和中等风险行业在1995年至2010年间工伤事故数大幅下降,说明《工伤保险条例》实施效果显著。工伤保险立法应扩大保护覆盖范围,细化行业差别费率和行业内费率档次;应注意同类立法时间的恰当衔接,有效提升各法的实施效果;下一次修正《工伤保险条例》宜与本次修正间隔4-5年;加快配套法规立法,争取工伤保险法实施效果最大化。     

Quantitative analysis of glasses used within Australia

An initial 134 glasses have been collected from eleven classifications of glass used within Australia. These include both local and imported glasses. Quantitative elemental analyses of the glasses have been determined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The current program provides for an elemental analysis for Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S or Pb, Cl, K, Ca, Ba or Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn expressed as oxides, and has a sensitivity down to approximately 0.1%. The data for the six most commonly occurring elements, namely, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K and Ca, together with the refractive index are presented for each class of glass in terms of their mean value and standard deviation from the mean, and also in histogram form.     

Impact evaluations in South Korea and China

While evidence-based policy-making is increasingly in demand, as new policies are required to bring effective results to targeted groups in South Korea and China, few studies have investigated the progress of quantitative impact evaluation that focuses on causality. This paper studies the trends of quantitative impact evaluation of public policy in South Korea and China by surveying major public administration and public policy journals in these two countries from 2000 to 2015. Among published articles in the major journals, our study pool includes research articles directly related to quantitative impact evaluation. Our study found that there has been considerable progress in impact evaluation research in South Korea and China in both data quality and empirical methods. However, empirical impact evaluation still comprises a small fraction (only one to two percent) of all research in public administration and public policy in both countries. We also found limited discussion on the selection mechanism and related bias in South Korea even in recent years, while causality and selection bias have been more commonly discussed in China. Also, advanced empirical methods are more frequently observed in journal articles in China than those in South Korea.     

试论毒品检验在禁毒中的情报作用

禁毒离不开情报 ,情报工作是禁毒工作中的重要组成部分 ,对禁毒工作起着信息支持作用 ,对打击毒品犯罪具有举足轻重的作用。毒品检验是刑事科学技术工作的组成部分 ,是揭露和证实毒品犯罪的重要技术手段 ,在禁毒斗争中具有十分重要的情报作用。本文研究介绍几种毒品检验方法和特点 ,以论证毒品检验在禁毒工作中的情报作用     

一测多评法测定无硫和低硫白芷中5种香豆素类成分的含量

目的 建立一测多评方法比较无硫和低硫白芷药材中5种香豆素类成分含量的差异,并验证方法准确性和可行性。方法 以欧前胡素为内参物,建立相对校正因子。计算4种香豆素成分含量,同时与外标法计算结果进行比较,验证该方法的可行性。结果 相对校正因子在不同实验条件下RSD均在3.0%以内,且一测多评法测定结果与外标法测定结果无显著差异。结论 一测多评法可以用于无硫和低硫白芷药材中5种香豆素类成分含量测定。     

多花黄精多糖PcUER1基因的克隆与表达分析

目的探究安徽生产的多花黄精多糖3,5-异构酶/4-还原酶基因(PcUER1)的结构基因信息及其在多花黄精中单糖鼠李糖化合物生源路径中的表达调控机制。方法以多花黄精为研究对象,基于其转录组学数据,克隆PcUER1基因并针对该cDNA序列展开生物信息学分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测多花黄精不同组织中PcUER1基因的表达水平。结果多花黄精多糖PcUER1基因的cDNA序列长度为900 bp,编码299个氨基酸;序列分析表明多花黄精与百合科虎眼万年青的相似度达到92.03%;实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,PcUER1基因在多花黄精的根、须根、茎、叶中表达水平逐渐降低,茎和叶中PcUER1基因表达水平的差异无统计学意义。结论多花黄精多糖PcUER1基因的活性位点有辅因子结合基序和催化四分体基序,其蛋白表达产物理化性质稳定。