规范性文件备案审查制度的起源与发展

"红头文件"一直是媒体和社会关注的热点,作为"红头文件"管理制度的规范性文件备案审查制度由于过于专业、主要由行政机关内部实施等原因而鲜为公众所知,行政法学界对其制度的起源和发展历程的研究也较少。本文对规范性文件备案审查制度的起源、发展背景、实施效果及主要问题进行了系统的梳理,是对规范性文件备案审查制度发展的考古和总结。在考察发展情况的基础上,提出了如何进一步完善该制度的建议。     

论地方人大常委会对地方“两院”规范性文件备案审查的正当性

地方法院和检察院制定的规范性文件是否应纳入同级人大常委会规范性文件备案审查范围,争议已久。目前对地方“两院”规范性文件采取的内部监督方式,无疑缺乏刚性和公信力。地方人大常委会对同级地方“两院”规范性文件备案审查的正当性一方面基于它的权利属性,另一方面也不存在所谓个案监督、干涉司法权独立等情形。     

Dating of Seals Produced with Stamp‐Pad Ink Using Gas Chromatography Method

Seals are often placed on important documents, and determining the date when a seal was affixed can be important to assess the authenticity of a document. In this study, thirty‐seven different brands of stamp‐pad inks and three different types of paper were used to make diachronic samples of the seals. The volatile components of stamp‐pad ink were determined, and the stamp‐pad ink was classified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Calibration curves were created to show the relationship between the content of volatile stamp‐pad ink components and the age of stamp‐pad ink entries stored under natural aging, UV‐induced aging, and heating aging conditions. The experimental results showed that GC was useful in the analysis of stamp‐pad ink and applicable for determining the relative age of stamp‐pad ink entries in some cases where the seal was placed on the document within 3 months.     

规范性文件制定过程中的法律风险及其防范

规范性文件制定主体在制定规范性文件时面临因操作不规范、制定内容不合理或者有其他不符合法律规定情形的法律风险。因此。规范性文件制定过程中存在因法律风险而带来的责任承担问题。要防范规范性文件制定中的法律风险,必须具备制定主体适格、内容合法合理、程序正当等基本要件。     

金融凭证诈骗罪疑难问题探析

金融凭证指银行及银行类金融机构依法办理银行业务所使用的结算凭证;伪造、变造的金融凭证除形式要件虚假之外还包括有权制作人或无权制作人违法制作不实内容、形式要件真实的金融凭证。"使用"只指直接兑现金融凭证记载的财产权利,不包括用其质押、展示等间接使用。使用作废金融凭证或只是冒用他人真实有效的金融凭证诈骗不构成金融凭证诈骗罪。采盗窃、抢劫、抢夺等手段获真实有效金融凭证冒用取财以其手段行为定侵犯财产罪。内外勾结利用职务之便使用伪造、变造的金融凭证取财应以主犯人身份构成的罪名定性。     

Examination of heterogeneous crossing sequences between toner and rollerball pen strokes by digital microscopy and 3-D laser profilometry

The determination of line crossing sequences between rollerball pens and laser printers presents difficulties that may not be overcome using traditional techniques. This research aimed to study the potential of digital microscopy and 3-D laser profilometry to determine line crossing sequences between a toner and an aqueous ink line. Different paper types, rollerball pens, and writing pressure were tested. Correct opinions of the sequence were given for all case scenarios, using both techniques. When the toner was printed before the ink, a light reflection was observed in all crossing specimens, while this was never observed in the other sequence types. The 3-D laser profilometry, more time-consuming, presented the main advantage of providing quantitative results. The findings confirm the potential of the 3-D laser profilometry and demonstrate the efficiency of digital microscopy as a new technique for determining the sequence of line crossings involving rollerball pen ink and toner.     

论利用法律文书完善权利告知制度

权利告知是保障行政当事人、犯罪嫌疑人依法享有法律赋予的一系列权利的前提和基础。当前公安机关履行告知义务的情形堪忧 ,对当事人陈述权、申辩权的保障相对缺失 ,对犯罪嫌疑人各项权利的告知也不到位 ,根本的原因是权利告知制度不够完善。鉴于目前并无统一的告知形式规定 ,应充分利用现有法律文书记录完成权利告知程序。     

审视“体制内”的法律文书改革

法律文书改革经过多年努力，已有长足进步。但目前法律文书还存在一些问题：种类繁多，体系庞杂；格式繁琐，内容僵化；理想现实，遭遇尴尬；举措功利，抓小失大；垄断信息，闭门造车。原因是法律文书的改革是在体制限制和内视角度下进行的。     

论建立法文本公共图书馆法定馆藏制

现时公众获得法文件的途径不够畅通 ,本文通过必要性和可能性的分析 ,提出建立法文本图书馆馆藏制。     

复印文件底灰量化检测的实验研究

本文首先阐述了利用计算机进行底灰量化检测的原理,实现了复印文件底灰的量化检测软件,而后通过实验验证了量化检测软件可以有效的检测出不同复印文件底灰的轻重,为复印件底灰的判定提供了一种新方法。