制贩假票证犯罪发展新趋势及侦查革新

制贩假票证犯罪日渐猖獗,且有新的发展趋势：犯罪主体具有地域性;犯罪组织化、专业化;犯罪实施手段信息化;且往往与实施诈骗犯罪相结合。公安机关在打击该类犯罪中存在诸多困难。针对这类犯罪的新特点,应用活＂打击犯罪新机制＂,打破传统侦查思维定势和工作模式,强化主动进攻意识,做好刑侦基础工作,以培育侦破此类案件的新的增长点。     

刑法中复印件的文书性质之研析

文书在立法和理论上有最广义、广义和狭义三种含义上的争鸣,狭义文书具有可视性、持续性、联络性和证据性四个特征。关于文书复制件是否属于文书的问题,在外国刑法理论上存在肯定与否定两种观点的对立,我国刑法理论也存在类似争鸣。为了维护罪刑法定原则,我国刑法中的文书应作狭义理解,在文书复制件问题上宜采取否定说。     

Solving Double‐Sided Puzzles: Automated Assembly of Torn‐up Banknotes Evidence

Reconstruction of 2D object is a problem concerning many different fields such as forensics science, archiving, and banking. In the literature, it is considered as one‐sided puzzle problem. But this study handles torn banknotes as a double‐sided puzzle problem for the first time. In addition to that, a new dataset (ToB) is created for solving this problem. A selection approach based on the Borda count method is adopted in order to make the right decision as to which keypoint‐based method is to be used in the proposed reconstruction system. The selection approach was determined the Accelerated‐KAZE (AKAZE) as the most successful keypoint‐based method. This study also proposes new measures determining the success ratio of the reconstructed banknotes and calculating their loss ratio. When the torn banknotes were reconstructed with the AKAZE‐based reconstruction system, the average success rate was calculated as 95.55% by the proposed metric.     

Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics

The premise of this follow‐up sister study to “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics” was to collect a representative population sampling of numerals and assess how many participants utilize each of the predetermined characteristics as found in their specimens. A total of 1410 handwriting specimen forms were collected from across the United States and pared to 1025 to obtain a proper representative sample of the U.S. adult population based on the same demographics used in the original 2017 study. This study provides frequency of occurrence proportions and 95% confidence limits for 25 handwritten numeral characteristics. A total of 277 intercharacter pairs of handwritten numeral characteristics were cross‐analyzed for interdependence. The results were that 72.92% of all intercharacter pairs had a coefficient of correlation between ?0.2 and +0.2 in this study.     

Ink dating,part I: Statistical distribution of selected ageing parameters in a ballpoint inks reference population

The development of ink dating methods requires an important amount of work in order to be reliably applicable in practice. Major tasks include the definition of ageing parameters to monitor ink ageing. An adequate parameter should ideally fulfil the following criteria: it should evolve as a function of time in a monotonic way, be measurable in a majority of ink entries, be as accurate and reproducible as possible, and finally it should not be influenced too much by transfer and storage conditions. This work aimed at evaluating the potential of seven ageing parameters for ink dating purposes: the phenoxyethanol quantity, relative peak areas (RPA), three solvent loss ratios (R%, R%*, NR%) and two solvent loss parameters (R_NORM, NR_NORM). These were calculated over approximately one year for 25 inks selected from a large database to represent different ageing behaviours. Ink entries were analysed using liquid extraction followed by GC/MS analysis. Results showed that natural ageing parameters (NR% and NR_NORM) were not suitable ageing parameters for ink entries older than a few weeks. RPA used other compounds present in ink formulations in combination to PE in order to normalise the results. However, it presented particular difficulties as they could not be defined for all inks and were thus applicable only for 64% of the studied inks. Finally, the PE quantity, R% and R_NORM allowed to follow the ageing of the selected inks over the whole time frame and were identified as the most promising. These were thus selected to test three different interpretation models in the second part of this article. The possibilities and limitations of ink dating methods will be discussed in a legal perspective.     

Application of Raman Spectroscopy and Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering to the Analysis of Synthetic Dyes Found in Ballpoint Pen Inks*

Abstract: The applicability of Raman spectroscopy and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to the analysis of synthetic dyes commonly found in ballpoint inks was investigated in a comparative study. Spectra of 10 dyes were obtained using a dispersive system (633 nm, 785 nm lasers) and a Fourier transform system (1064 nm laser) under different analytical conditions (e.g., powdered pigments, solutions, thin layer chromatography [TLC] spots). While high fluorescence background and poor spectral quality often characterized the normal Raman spectra of the dyes studied, SERS was found to be generally helpful. Additionally, dye standards and a single ballpoint ink were developed on a TLC plate following a typical ink analysis procedure. SERS spectra were successfully collected directly from the TLC plate, thus demonstrating a possible forensic application for the technique.     

“信息技术与教学”专题资源库的分类与整合

“信息技术与教学”专题资源库是通过理论探究、技术方法、教学应用和案例评价等过程来展示现代远程开放教育教学理论与信息技术应用实践的逻辑联系,规范整合信息技术与教学领域中的基本知识、基本技能和最新成果。在有组织地开展信息技术与教学培训指导的基础上,该专题资源库的建设无疑为广大教师新辟了一个自主式、个别化、一站式、网络化的享用信息技术理论与教学实践成果的资源服务平台,对不断提升教师信息素养,乃至于全面提高校园系统化、网络化和信息化服务水平,都将起到十分突出的作用。     

特殊文件相对形成时间的鉴定

伪造、变造、异常处理文书的书写时间鉴定在诉讼中的作用越来越重要。笔者在多年的文书鉴定工作中曾遇到多起特殊处理的文件,如人为老化文件、塑封文件,污染文件以及书写于传真纸、宣纸等特定材料上的文件,在对这些文件的检验过程中,笔者进行了部分研究,获得一些实际体会。     

浅谈当前公安机关法律文书制发格式的缺陷及其产生的负面影响

法律文书是适用法律的重要载体 ,法律文书的制发和运用 ,对执法工作有着极其重要的影响。公安机关所制发的法律文书格式中存在的缺陷和负面影响主要有刑事法律文书格式设定不齐全 ,不对等 ,缺乏可操作性 ,造成检察机关依法移交公安机关执行的强制措施难以到位。健全和完善公安机关法律文书制发格式的建议有讲求规范化、对等化、效率化 ,以进一步提高公安机关执法人员的程序意识 ,整体执法水平及公安机关内部执法监督机制的有效性。     

高等院校网上信息安全的防范

全国高等院校办公及文档上网工程中潜在的不安全因素,应采取措施解决网上安全问题。