„Care“ leisten und „Care“ erhalten zwischen Individualisierung und Refamilialisierung<Superscript>1</Superscript>

In industrialized, capitalist welfare states, men could be de-familialized because they could also abandon their caring needs and obligations to women, who therefore remained bound to the family. The focus on women, and precisely on the reasons why they remained bound to the family, has increasingly highlighted that not only incomplete individualisation was at issue, but the overall issue of care. There is a need to reformulate the concept of autonomy in order to include the relationships of interdependence that develop around care giving and care receiving along the life course and to incorporate care giving and care receiving both conceptually and in practice in the structure of social rights and social citizenship themselves. The author discusses how different countries are addressing the issue of care following women’s increasing labour market participation and the ageing of the population, showing that there are contrasting trends both across and within countries.     

邓小平同志德育观初探

邓小平同志的德育观是邓小平教育思想的重要组成部分,主要包括:德育工作的极端重要性;德育的任务是培养“四有”新人;德育的内容要体现爱国主义与社会主义的统一;德育的方法要理论联系实际;德育在学校教育中的重要地位;德育工作者应当是人类灵魂工程师。     

Kinder an die Macht?

In order to illuminate the consequences of extra votes for parents, this article looks at the questions of whether parents differ in their party choice from younger people and of what the overall results would have been like for German Bundestag elections in 1994–2005. The results can be summarised as follows: (1) In simple comparisons, parents and childless people have not differed a lot in their party preferences since the first half of the 1990s. However, a more complex analysis of the 2005 elections brought to light systematic differences that are contingent on voters’ age and on their region. (2) The aggregate results of the 1994 to 2005 elections would have looked very much the same. Thus, no party would profit per se in electoral terms from the introduction of the proxy vote for children.     

Koalitionsbildungen zwischen Ämter- und Politikmotivation. Konstruktion einer interdependenten Nutzenfunktion

While newer coalition theories take into account that parties are both office and policy motivated, one problem remains unsolved: the fact that offices (ministries) and policies are inseparably connected with each other. In this essay, we solve this problem by constructing a utility function which considers the interdependency of office distributions and policy outputs. This utility function — which can be used as a basis for further coalition theories — is able to capture the interdependencies also in empirical applications, as we illustrate for the example of the coalition building process after the Bundestag elections of 2002.     

Hochschulpolitik in mittel- und osteuropa: Konvergenz zu einem gemeinsamen Modell?

In contrast to many other areas, international and European influences on national higher education policies remained limited for a long time. This picture changed fundamentally in the late 1990s with the establishment of the so-called Bologna Process which has the objective of setting up a common European higher education area. So far, however, we have limited knowledge about the extent to which this development actually led to the convergence of national higher education policies. Are national policies moving towards a common model, or are domestic reforms rather characterized by the specific conditions given at the domestic level? In this article these questions are adressed with regard to Central and Eastern European countries which are characterized by different pre-communist and communist patterns of higher education policy.     

Regierungsbildung im deutschen Fünf-Parteiensystem

Since 2005 all five parliamentary parties in the German Bundestag have coalition potential in the sense that they are able to enter at least one minimal winning coalition, that is a coalition without parties which are not necessary for a majority. Given the number of each party’s members of parliament, the strategic coalition situation is fixed as the set of possible minimal winning coalitions. With certain assumptions (no party will gain an absolute majority, the party system consists of two larger and three smaller parties etc.) two strategic coalition situations are possible as a consequence of the Bundestag election in September 2009: the same as the existing one where only CDU/CSU and SPD can form a two party majority government, and an alternative, predicted currently (February/March 2009) by pollsters, where the largest party, probably the CDU/CSU, can form a two party majority coalition also with the third largest party, probably the FDP. In addition, several three party coalitions are also possible. Which of these coalitions will actually be formed will be determined by the policy distances between the parties which are identified in a two dimensional policy space (economic and social issue positions of parties). The possible minimal winning coalitions are further constrained by the majority coalitions in the so-called cycle set as defined by Schofield.     

成渝经济区金融创新体系建设研究

金融创新体系是区域创新体系的重要组成部分和推动力量。成渝经济区金融创新体系建设面临的主要问题是金融支持体制不完善。加快成渝经济区金融创新体系建设,必须健全金融支持体制,完善信贷机制和风险投资市场,增强银行和风险投资机构的资金支持力度,为创新活动提供更加充足的信贷资金和风险资金。     

在“两型社会”建设中积极推进新型工业化进程

该文讨论了“两型社会”建设的背景、意义、主要内容和主要特点,阐述了工业化和新型工业化的联系与区别,分析了作为“两型社会”综合配套改革试验区之一的武汉城市圈的优势与不足,指出要在两型社会建设中实现新型工业化,重点在科学理解“两型社会”和新型工业化问的联系、积极转变经济增长模式、以信息化带动新型工业化、构建“两型”产业链和产业集群以及加强人才队伍建设等五方面。     

论反司法审查观的“民主解药”

反对司法审查的学者分别从规范体系、实证经验和因果关系的角度论证司法审查制度的不合时宜。在此基础上,他们提出通过民主来保障人权。虽然民主被官方所认可且有较强的可接受性,并在一定程度上被践行,但以民主观反对司法审查的论者并没有对民主进行清晰的界定,也没有对如何实现民主、如何证明民主的效用、实行民主的成本与收益提出建设性观点。他们理论试错的态度和行为值得肯定,但他们在反对把司法审查当作“最后一根救命稻草”的时候,有意无意地把民主也当作了“最后一根救命稻草”。     

四物汤对血管性痴呆大鼠的神经保护作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨四物汤对血管性痴呆（vascular dementia,VD）大鼠的保护作用及其机制。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,四物汤高剂量（6 g/kg）、低剂量（3 g/kg）组,尼莫地平组（20 mg/kg）,每组12只。采用大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注法复制大鼠VD模型,术后连续给予相应药物14 d。采用水迷宫实验观察VD大鼠学习能力和记忆能力;酶联免疫吸附法测定海马组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase,AChE）、5- 羟色胺（5- hydroxy tryptamine,5- HT）、内皮素- 1（endothelin- 1,ET- 1）、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）的含量。腹主动脉取血检测血液流变学指标。苏木精- 伊红染色观察海马CA1区神经细胞形态学变化。结果 与模型组比较,四物汤高剂量组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短（P<0.05）,在目标象限距离百分比显著增加（P<0.05）,海马AChE、ET- 1含量显著降低（P<0.05）,5- HT、VEGF含量显著升高（P<0.05）,全血黏度、血浆黏度和红细胞聚集指数显著降低（P<0.05）。四物汤高、低剂量组比较,仅血浆黏度和红细胞聚集指数的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,四物汤组海马CA1区锥体细胞缺失减轻,神经纤维排列整齐,仅少数细胞核固缩。结论 四物汤对VD具有一定的改善作用,其机制与改善神经递质,调节海马ET- 1、VEGF含量,改善血流状态有关。