论受贿罪中的“为他人谋取利益”

"为他人谋取利益"旨在说明国家工作人员收受的财物与其职务之间具有对价关系;"为他人谋取利益"中的"他人"包括行贿人、行贿人所指示的第三人以及单位,"利益"包含正当利益与不正当利益;将"为他人谋取利益"限定为客观上实施了谋取利益的具体职务行为或者解释为主观要件要素,不具有合理性;"为他人谋取利益"的最低要求是许诺为他人谋取利益;事先没有约定,在为他人谋取利益之后收受作为职务行为的不正当报酬的财物的,成立受贿罪;"为他人谋取利益"的行为构成其他犯罪的,除刑法有特别规定的以外,应当与受贿罪实行并罚。     

浅论对偷取他人器官行为的定性与处罚

在未经允许的情况下,偷偷摘取他人身体器官的行为构成犯罪;但在该种行为将构成何种罪的问题上,则应依据具体情况的不同分别加以定性。本文浅要分析了偷取他人器官这一行为的犯罪性,并就不同情况下偷取他人器官行为的定性与处罚问题进行了论证。     

武装掩护走私争点探微

由于刑法规定的不明确,围绕武装掩护走私,学界展开了激烈的讨论。本文在厘清武装掩护走私的含义及认定的基础上,试图阐明这样几个问题:武装掩护走私不成立独立的罪名,而是各具体走私罪的从重处罚情节;武装掩护走私所掩护的是走私行为,而不要求是走私犯罪;必须严格区分武装掩护走私和以暴力、威胁方法抗拒缉私行为。     

治安处罚实践中若干法律问题探讨

治安管理处罚条例中,陈述权、辩解权是当事人的重要权力,其行使或放弃由当事人自由选择,它从根本上否定了实际存在的“态度罚”;“告知”的法律约束力只限于程序过程,对受处罚的当事人没有法律约束力;应严格按照法律规定保证听证程序的正确实施;应严格依法执行治安传唤;治安调解应用具有特定性;盘问权不具有应用的普遍性。     

呆护与惩罚：未成年人犯罪刑事政策之选择

对于未成年人犯罪,无论是严厉的刑罚惩治还是人性化的轻刑化、非刑罚化处理, 就实证效果看,都有一定的局限性。笔者主张,应对未成年人犯罪,宜采取轻刑化和刑罚严厉化两极化的刑事政策,以对未成年人犯罪这一社会顽疾实现综合治理。     

非国际性武装冲突中惩治战争犯罪问题探讨

对战争犯罪的惩治,在国际社会中是一个十分复杂的问题,当这些犯罪行为发生的非国际性武装冲突中时尤其如此。在国际性和非国际性武装冲突中,战争犯罪的惩治都有国内惩治和国际惩治两种模式。非国际性武装冲突中的战争犯罪应当采用国内惩治的模式,应当由国内军事司法机关专属管辖,并应对相应的法律法规予以补充和完善。     

On Justifying Punishment: The Discrepancy Between Words and Actions

This article reveals a discrepancy between the actual and stated motives for punishment. Two studies conducted with nationally representative samples reveal that people support laws designed on the utilitarian principle of deterrence in the abstract, yet reject the consequences of the same when they are applied. Study 1 (N = 133) found that participants assigned punishment to criminals in a manner consistent with a retributive theory of justice rather than deterrence. The verbal justifications for punishment given by these same respondents, however, failed to correlate with their actual retributive behavior. Study 2 (N = 125) again found that people have favorable attitudes towards utilitarian laws and rate them as “fair” in the abstract, but frequently reject them when they are instantiated in ways that support utilitarian theories. These studies reveal people’s inability to know their own motivations, and show that one consequence of this ignorance is to generate support for laws that they ultimately find unjust.

Crime and punishment: an expressive voting view

Incarceration rates in many countries (the US and Australia among them) have risen spectacularly over the last twenty years and are only partially explicable by increases in crime rates. Moreover, in some countries where crime rates have shown a comparable time-path, incarceration rates have not shown the same spectacular increase. The aim of this paper is to explore the politics of punishment. The claim is that the US and Australian experiences are best understood in terms of political considerations; and that this fact lends some support to the “expressive” as distinct from the “interest” approach to electoral behaviour.

集中行使行政处罚权的行政机关:评估与前瞻

集中行使行政处罚权的行政机关是相对集中行政处罚权制度的载体。通过对集中行使行政处罚权行政机关的名称、机构设置、执法主体资格、机构精简、执法人员等情况进行分析,发现这一制度虽然发挥了一些作用,但质疑之声一直存在着,实践中也有诸多问题。有必要肯定这一制度的合法性,明确其发展方向,通过立法明确其法律地位,健全组织领导形式。     

Bias in the Family: Race,Ethnicity, and Culture in Custody Disputes

This essay examines the role of racial, ethnic, and cultural bias in custody cases. It analyzes cases where the court explicitly considered the parents’ racial, ethnic, or cultural background and cases where the court did not acknowledge these factors but where it is clear from the court's opinion that biases influenced its decision. It then briefly describes the literature on implicit bias to demonstrate how biases may influence the assessments of custody evaluators, lawyers, and judges despite best efforts to make fair and impartial decisions. Drawing on studies suggesting that individuals can reduce their implicit biases and their effects on decision making, the essay explores individual strategies and institutional reforms to address bias in custody disputes.