Differential Police Response to Black Battered Women

Abstract

Dorothy Bracey has spent her entire academic career at one institution located in her home town of New York City, but her intellectual pursuits have crossed many boundaries and taken her around the globe. Her scholarship and her life have been influenced by her interest in the overlap of law and justice and have led to her studies of police corruption, juvenile prostitution, the Chinese justice system and Native American legal contradictions. A woman of many interests, in addition to her work as a scholar, she has held a variety of leadership positions in both the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences and the American Society of Criminology and has served as the editor of two professional journals.     

论刑事禁止令的性质、适用原则及法律后果

禁止令是指强令管制犯或者缓刑犯在一定期限内不得实施某种行为的一种法定不作为义务。管制禁止令具有限制人身自由的特性,缓刑禁止令具有与监禁刑关联的属性。禁止令适用的基本原则有"必要性"原则和"实用性"原则,后者包含关联性、可行性和不得重复禁止等三层意思。管制禁止令的法律后果与缓刑禁止令的法律后果不可相提并论。对管制禁止令的违反是对刑罚执行义务的违反和抗拒改造的表现,不属于犯罪行为,故不可能引起刑罚后果;对缓刑禁止令的违反,表明不执行原判监禁刑的法定条件消失,从而引起执行原判刑罚的后果。     

论人民检察院对行政处罚权的刑事法律监督

人民检察院通过对职务犯罪行使侦查权实现对行政权的监督是我国行政法学和检察学的传统理论。现实中行政处罚以罚代刑,不移送涉嫌犯罪案件等违反刑事法律问题普遍存在,行政执法与刑事司法衔接机制存在局限性。应对传统理论进行反思,确立人民检察院在行政处罚程序中的刑事法律监督地位,设置相应的检察监督机制,以有效地预防职务犯罪和惩治经济犯罪。     

对法定犯若干问题的探讨

法定犯是相对自然犯而言，为传统分类标准之一。随着市场经济的发展，法定犯的数量已远远超过自然犯。因此，有必要对法定犯的概念进行分析，并进一步探讨我国法定犯的立法模式、范围限定、处罚原则等问题。     

行政许可听证程序中几个问题的梳理

听证制度是行政民主化的产物,有利于保护行政相对人的权利及监督行政机关正确行使权力。我国1996年的《行政处罚法》首次规定了听证程序。2003年8月新颁布的《行政许可法》对听政程序进一步作了规定,同《行政处罚法》相比有很大进步,但仍存在着不足之处。有必要对行政许可听证程序中的几个重要问题进行梳理,以期完善行政许可听证制度。     

Criminal Justice in a Democracy: Towards a Relational Conception of Criminal Law and Punishment

This article starts from the observation that in classical Athens the discovery of democracy as a normative model of politics has been from the beginning not only a political and a legal but at the same time a philosophical enterprise. Reflections on the concept of criminal law and on the meaning of punishment can greatly benefit from reflections on Athenian democracy as a germ for our contemporary debate on criminal justice in a democracy. Three main characteristics of the Athenian model will be analysed: the self-instituting capacity of a democracy based on participatory and reflective citizenship, political power as the capacity of citizens for co-operating and co-acting with others, and the crime of hubris as one of the key issues in Athenian criminal law. These analyses will lead to the conclusion that one of the key issues of a democratic legal order lies in its capacity of recognizing the fragility of the human condition and of developing workable and effective standards of justice in that context. A relational conception of criminal law and punishment, based on proportionality, reflexivity, mutual respect and responsibility fits best with a democracy under the rule of law.

“保护的责任”：国际法院相关司法实践研究

“保护的责任”自提出以来,迄今已在政治层面获得了广泛的国际共识。在法律层面特别是可操作性层面,国际法院通过对《灭种罪公约》及《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》的解释和适用,提出了“作为一种义务存在的干涉”这样一种新观念,强调了所有公约当事国所应承担的“预防责任”,间接地回应了《国家对国际不法行为的责任》条款草案第48条,也从法律实践的角度回应了“保护的责任”,特别是其中的“预防责任”。通过这种回应,就使国家基于“保护的责任”而采取的某些干涉行动具有合法性。这种回应,将会深刻地影响到国家的行为模式。面对这种新发展所带来的挑战,中国有必要调整自身外交策略。     

Race,ethnicity, and prison disciplinary misconduct

It is well known that racial and ethnic minorities (both male and female) have felt the effect of increased incarceration more than Whites, and a large amount of prior research has investigated the factors that influence higher levels of inmate misconduct, including the influence of race/ethnicity. This body of research has produced mixed results. Using recent data from one of the largest state prison systems, this study sought to determine the level of racial and ethnic disparity in the commission of inmate misconduct. Results indicate that Black inmates were significantly more likely than other inmates to commit general rule violations, serious rule violations, and assaultive rule violations. Correlates of inmate misconduct and policy implications stemming from the findings are discussed.     

创新职务犯罪预防机制高效服务和谐社会建设

职务犯罪产生的根本原因是职务主体内在履职心理与外部履职环境严重不和谐并相互作用的结果,预防职务犯罪工作应按照和谐社会建设的要求,从消除职务主体的内外不和谐因素入手,坚持打防并举、标本兼治的方针,建立和完善"教育、制度、监督、法治"四位一体的预防机制,以高效服务于和谐社会建设.     

保安处分制度与刑法中的人权保障机制——兼谈我国劳动教养制度的立法改革

保安处分制度是现代刑法理论和刑法制度发展的产物 ,其由不同流派的法学家倡导形成了与刑罚关系上的一元论与二元论对应的立法体例。本文从保安处分制度的形成、发展及其与人权保障的关系上 ,探讨了我国劳动教养制度的修改的立法体例 ,使之符合我国参加的国际人权公约的规定。