Convergence Criteria for Participation in the Flexible Mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol

We suggest a multi-layered system of three convergence criteria – similar to those used in the run-up to the European monetary union – that define the notion of "demonstrable progress" towards reaching the emission commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. These are the existence of an independently evaluated national emissions inventory, the level of domestic policies and measures, and the quantitative convergence of emissions towards the Kyoto target. While the first of these criteria constitutes a necessary condition for use of the Kyoto Mechanisms, the other two should determine the degree of participation allowed for any given Annex I country.     

监狱人民警察心理健康保障机制的构建与完善

监狱人民警察作为一个特殊的职业群体,集多种社会角色于一身,易产生心理冲突。大量研究表明,心理健康问题正严重威胁着监狱人民警察的生存状态,极大地降低了他们的生活质量,并严重影响其工作热情和效率。加强监狱人民警察心理健康问题研究,构建与完善监狱人民警察心理健康保障机制,具有十分重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

网络交易的纠纷解决机制探析——基于民间法与国家法互补的视角

高风险一度是网络交易发展的瓶颈所在。近年来,网络交易平台发挥网络科技的优势,为交易者提供了一些独特的风险防范和纠纷解决机制,极大地促进了网络交易的发展规模。但此种民间型机制的局限和优势一样明显,未能有效＂定分止争＂。要真正保障网络交易的稳定发展,最大程度上解决交易纠纷,除进一步发展和规范民间型机制外,尚需对传统的官方型机制予以适当的＂网络化改造＂,最终形成两者的良性互补。     

Case law of the EPO Boards of Appeal in 2006

Legal context: The article reviews significant decisions handed down by theBoards of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO) in 2006,concentrating on decisions of the Enlarged Board and the Boardsof Appeal issued in 2006 and published or to be published inthe OJ EPO. Key points: The article discusses the application of Art. 24 EPC on exclusionand objection to members of the boards of appeal in the lightof the following decisions: G 1/05, T 281/03 and J 15/04; referralspending before the EBA on the subject of divisional applications(Art. 76 EPC and R. 25 EPC) and exclusion from patentabilityunder R. 23d(c) in conjunction with Art. 53a EPC; and decisionsof technical boards of appeal on exclusions from patentability(Arts. 52 (2)(3) and (4) EPC), the requirement of industrialapplicability (Art. 57 EPC) and re-establishment of rights (Art.122 EPC). Practical significance: The article provides an overview of the 2006 case law of theboards of appeal which is particularly useful since most ofthe decisions discussed have not yet been published in the OJEPO. The author is critical of the recent case law on the applicationof Art. 24 EPC (exclusion and objection to members of the boardsof appeal) and reports on several decisions of particular legalinterest.     

从相互协助到相互承认——欧盟刑事取证立法变迁探析

欧盟刑事取证立法建立在两个不同原则上,一是传统的相互协助基础上的立法,一是1999年坦佩雷会议后,相互承认基础上的立法;这两种立法在欧盟范围内并存。从未来发展看,相互承认基础上的立法将逐步取代相互协助基础上的立法。欧盟理事会2008年12月通过的《欧盟证据令》是欧盟在相互承认基础上取代原有刑事取证立法的第一步,对原有立法进行了制度性革新。欧盟刑事取证立法在取得显著进步的同时,在相互承认原则和公民基本权利保障等方面也面临着诸多挑战。     

旅游者情绪与认知的可控性研究

研究旅游者情绪与认知的可控性,掌握旅游者的心理活动规律,全面提高旅游服务的质量,促进旅游业的发展,把我国从旅游大国建设成为旅游强国。     

文化认同与海外统战工作研究

建立海外统一战线,是中国共产党在改革开放新时期发展爱国统一战线做出的重大决策。当前,海外侨情出现若干新特征、新问题,海外统战工作的复杂性和难度加大:华侨华人总数激增,分布状况有很大变化;华侨华人的文化素质、经济实力和社会地位大幅度提升;华侨华人与祖国的各方面联系空前密切。根据海外华侨华人群体呈现出的新特征,需要全面调整海外华侨华人统战工作的整体思路,推进海外统战工作向纵深发展。用海内外同胞认同的同根文化凝聚人心,增强中华文化的感召力,是新形势下海外统战工作的切入点和关键点。     

论国际犯罪的管辖机制

国际犯罪的管辖问题是国际刑法中最基本和最首要的问题。现行的普遍管辖、“或引渡或起诉”、并行管辖以及国际刑事法庭管辖所形成的管辖机制存在着一些不足，有待完善。应建立优先管辖原则、修正“或引渡或起诉”原则、确立国家拒绝对国际犯罪进行管辖和起诉的法律责任。     

The Role of Flexibility Mechanisms in EU Climate Strategy: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges?

The main objective of this paper is to examine the evolution of European Union (EU) climate strategy, scrutinising in particular developments in EU's views on the so-called flexibility or Kyoto mechanisms. In brief, the paper argues that there has been a gradual change in EU's views, from the role of a sceptic in the run-up to Kyoto towards becoming more of a frontrunner on emissions trading in recent years. The need to 'save Kyoto' and the protracted development of EU climate policy are highlighted as two of the most important drivers behind this process of change. This paper also discusses some of the lessons learned from international negotiations and the development of EU climate policy. Finally, and drawing upon the lessons learned, the paper explores key future challenges for the further development of EU climate strategy.     

服务型政府的体制、制度和机制分析

建设服务型政府，必须从深化行政管理体制改革开始，完善各项行政管理制度，形成行政管理的机制力量，树立“以人为本、公正透明、廉洁高效、诚信守责”的服务型政府的基本理念。为此，必须从理论上明白行政管理制度、体制和机制的不同内涵，在此基础上，才能为建设服务型政府提供正确的理论支持。