协商民主监督在民主监督环节中的作用与方法探析

以协商为基本方式,通过提出意见、批评和建议而进行的协商民主监督,在民主监督环节中发挥着对执政党和国家机构实施政治监督的作用。但是,当前协商民主监督,却存在内容空泛、方法固化、作用松软三大缺陷。增强协商民主监督在民主监督环节中的作用,要从监督的主体、方式和机制三方面着力,努力提高监督质量,不断强化监督力度,切实增强监督成效。     

Beyond Nancy Fraser's 'perspectival dualism'

The bifurcation between economically and culturally orientated perspectives has become a central trope in critical thinking on the problems of social justice and injustice. This paper attempts a critical explication and assessment of Nancy Fraser's recent work on this problem. She attempts to transcend the culture-economy divide by proposing a 'perspectival dualism' in which distinctive 'economic-redistributive' and 'cultural-recognitive' logics of justice are analytically distinguished and practically combined so as to furnish a balanced strategy for left-critical praxis. The paper seeks to demonstrate how and why Fraser's dualistic perspective fails, insofar as it is untenable to confine recognitive claims to the realm of culture, since they can be seen to underpin both redistributively and culturally oriented manifestations of social struggle. An alternative, multi-axial and 'metatheoretical' conception of recognition is offered, one which, it is claimed, can encompass both economic and cultural struggles within its theoretical ambit.     

建立健全科学的权力结构和运行机制

腐败的本质是权钱交易,加强对公共权力的制约监督,防止权力越界和失控,是反腐败的核心问题。遏制腐败的治本之策是科学配置权力。通过适当分解决策权、执行权、监督权,使决策职能、执行职能、监督职能由不同部门相对独立行使,形成既相互制约、相互把关,又分工负责、相互协调的权力结构,才能使决策更加科学,执行更加高效,监督更加有力,从而保证权力依法运行,最大限度地防止权力滥用现象的发生。建立健全科学的权力结构,离不开运行机制的保证。完善权力的运行机制,一是要"切实把防治腐败的要求落实到权力结构和运行机制的各个环节,最大程度地减少权力‘寻租’的机会";二是要用覆盖全过程的责任制度来保证;三是要"以加强对领导干部特别是主要领导干部监督为重点,推进权力运行程序化和公开透明"。     

人脸检测识别技术在警察执法中的应用

人脸识别是一门利用人脸的个性特征来进行身份鉴别的技术。人脸识别系统由人脸检测、人脸预处理、特征提取和分类器四部分组成。人脸识别技术在警察执法工作中主要应用于识别证件、监视与查缉、安全验证、紧急救援等方面。     

关于加强工会理论研究的几点意见

工会的理论和政策研究不要封闭地搞 ,要放开眼界 ,并提出工会的对策和社会主张 ;依法调整劳动关系 ,要切实贯彻落实“两个机制” ,同时要加强对“两个机制”的研究 ;国有企业全心全意依靠工人阶级 ,要通过职代会实现职工的参与 ,私营企业、外资企业也应该按照这样的精神实现职工参与 ;建立现代企业制度 ,实行科学管理 ,要包括职工的民主管理 ,没有职工的民主管理 ,就不是现代企业制度 ;工会要把困难职工群体作为维护工作的重点 ,搞好社会保障工作。     

外国法院判决承认与执行条件问题研究

承认与执行外国法院判决是国际司法协助中一个非常重要的问题,因为其不仅可以及时保护当事人的权利,还可以兼顾诉讼经济效益.但是,由于承认与执行外国法院判决在一定程度上损害了内国主权,因此,各国都不是无条件承认与执行外国法院判决,文章在结合2005年6月海牙<选择法院协议公约>的基础上对国际社会普遍认可的外国法院判决承认与执行条件进行利弊分析.     

Intensive psychological treatment of high-risk violent offenders: Outcomes and pre-release mechanisms

Research on correlates of intervention programmes that reduce expected reconviction rates (‘what works’ literature, Risk–Need–Responsivity model) has been highly influential in criminal justice systems throughout much of the western world. But while this psychological research has been acquiring widespread recognition, a deeper understanding of how programmes work and of mechanisms for desistance more generally, has still to develop. This research reports results of a quasi-experimental recidivism outcome study for a series of prison units that provide intensive psychological treatment to high-risk, persistently violent prisoners. Four outcomes were examined over the first 12 months following release on parole: parole violations, new convictions, new convictions for violence, and imprisonment sentences resulting from new convictions. Alongside these results, we conducted preliminary analyses of two potential pre-release mechanisms for surviving the first 12 months on parole without reconviction: lower dynamic risk for violence, and greater release readiness. We found that dynamic violence risk fully accounted for differences between treatment completers and comparison prisoners in proportions reconvicted for violence. However, in all other cases, the proposed mechanisms did not significantly explain treatment-related differences. We close by considering possible explanations for these unexpected results, and reiterating the importance to our field of more sophisticated treatment outcome research.     

Surrogacy,Identity, Parentage and Childrenʼs Rights – Through the Eyes of a Child

In this article I will focus on two important aspects of children's rights which are impacted by artificial reproductive technology (particularly surrogacy); being the rights to identity and the rights to legal parentage. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child acknowledges the importance of a child's right to identity, to be protected from discrimination on the basis of the status or beliefs of the child's parents, legal guardians or family members. For many children born through surrogacy arrangements, they may have only one or no legally recognized parent. The adults caring for them may have parental responsibility orders but this falls well short of providing children with the benefits and protections that legal parentage does. The issue of identity can be complex. Increasingly, states have recognized the importance of children knowing the circumstances of their birth and being able to access biological and genetic information including medical information. From a child's perspective the issues of identity and parenthood are intertwined. Given the importance of identity, more needs to be done to ensure that identifying information about children born as a result of artificial reproductive technology is properly stored and readily accessible for these children. Denying a child legal parentage when there are no concerns about the care being provided by their parents cannot be justified when considered from a children's rights perspective.     

Market Darwinism vs. Market Creationism: Adaptability and Fairness in the Design of Greenhouse Gas Trading Mechanisms

International rule-making and compliance routines with respect to the Kyoto Protocol are evolving rapidly. This paper examines potential designs of emissions-trading programs by comparing the emissions credit trading (ECT) and cap-and-trade models for achieving cost-effective reductions in atmospheric greenhouse-gas (GHG) loading in terms of their adaptability and fairness. Adaptability is a valuable attribute when markets and their governing institutions are evolving rapidly or when regulated entities do not yet have well-established and predictable compliance routines. Fairness in both procedures and outcomes is central to efforts to establish and maintain institutions of international governance. The key difference concerns the awarding of tradable emission rights, which occurs at the launch of a cap-and-trade program but following when firms reduce emissions below baselines in an ECT scheme. Implications of this difference are explored in terms of institutional adaptability and fairness during program-design stages. By not locking in emission rights at the outset, and by being amenable to incremental roll-out, ECT appears to have superior adaptive and fairness qualities during periods of rapid institutional evolution.