俯瞰我国省级政府突发公共事件总体应急预案

我国各省都编制了突发公共事件总体应急预案，这些总体应急预案的框架内容基本尚可，但还存在一些问题，文章对这些问题提出了解决的对策。     

Optimism as a Mediator Between the Experience of Child Abuse,Other Traumatic Events,and Distress

In this study, we examined the role of dispositional optimism in mediating distress among students who experienced traumatic events, including child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Participants included 199 undergraduate and graduate students (aged 18–63 years) from a private university in Oregon. In this study, dispositional optimism partially mediated distress among individuals who had experienced child physical abuse and child emotional abuse; participants with higher levels of optimism had lower levels of distress. In addition, dispositional optimism fully mediated distress among individuals who had experienced traumatic events such as rape, assault, and fire; participants with higher levels of optimism had lower levels of distress. Contrary to prediction, the experience of child sexual abuse was not associated with distress. Clinical implications of these results are addressed.     

论人大在预防群体性事件中的职能定位

群体性事件频发已成为影响我国社会和谐稳定的突出问题。本文认为,在影响群体性事件发生的诸因素中,人大的利益代表职能及监督职能未正常发挥是根本性因素。因此,有效预防与化解群体性事件,应完善人大的代表职能、沟通职能、监督职能,尽快建立人大代表职业构成比例制度及代表联系选民制度,逐步完善代表质询制度等三位一体的人大权力监督机制。     

人民调解的关系/事件和行动策略分析

人民调解是个复杂的构成体,它表面上是对个别纠纷的解决,实质上是对社会关系的一次重新梳理。每个纠纷的解决都不是我们表面上所看上去的那么简单,有众多因素在背后影响着人民调解的进行。我们重点从关系/事件的分析角度入手,找出其背后的影响因素和行动策略,进而为人民调解的发展提供一定的建议。     

预防与处置群体性事件中的警察公共关系

群体性事件的形成与发展是一定的政治、经济、文化等多种社会矛盾的综合反映。警察作为维护社会安定的重要力量,加强对警察公共关系的研究是公安机关更好地预防和处置群体性事件的迫切需要。警察在预防和处置群体性事件中扮演维护社会秩序、保证公共安全的的角色,运用警察公共关系化解社会矛盾是可行的,开展警务公关的具体措施包括:牢固树立舆情观念和公关意识、严密舆情控制、及时开展应对公关及必要时现场喊话公关等。     

行政执法诱发公共事件的特点及法律对策

我国行政执法不当诱发了诸多公共事件,事件起因的多样性、事件主体的多元性、事件意图的目的性、事件发生的必然性使行政执法转化为公共事件独具个性。行政职权交叉,执法行为利益化;执法主体、执法行为、执法程序缺乏规范性;行政执法人员素质不高;责任追究和监督机制等方面存在的缺陷极易引发公共事件。防范行政执法转化为公共事件,需要在合理配置行政事权和职责的基础上,规范执法行为、程序及执法人员准入制度,提高行政执法人员素质,建立健全行政执法监督、问责、奖励机制。     

论网络集群事件多维生成模型的构建

根据网络集群事件的基本要素,可构建以现实社会和网络空间为外部环境,以参与者、信息传播活动和事件发展进程为维度的网络集群事件生成模型。参与者在网络集群事件中经历由个体体验、到群体围观、到形成共同信念、到淡化与转移等心理、行为变化过程。网络集群事件信息传播活动可分为“碎片化”传播、扩散化传播、聚集化传播和衰减化传播等阶段。网络集群事件存在由散点引爆、热点聚集、群体极化到事件终结的过程。现实社会和网络空间以及两者的融合、互动,则构成了网络集群事件的社会空间。     

公安机关处置群体性事件指挥程序研究

在群体性事件的处置研究中,贴近实战、定位于现场公安指挥员指挥程序的研究尚不多见。基于处置指挥程序在群体性事件处置实践和理论中极其重大的应用价值,群体性事件的一般处置指挥程序包括信息搜集研判与处置指令生成。     

The counterfactual fallacy: Confusing what might have been with what ought to have been

The thesis of this article is that reactions to misfortunes are often biased by the counterfactual fallacy: the tendency to view events that can easily be imagined otherwise as events that ought not to have been. Drawing upon a diverse set of empirical findings we demonstrate that victims' and observers' reactions to misfortunes depend on the extent to which the event prompts them to generate counterfactual thoughts or images of more positive alternatives. We discuss the factors that determine the ease with which a negative event can be imagined otherwise, along with their relevance to a variety of justice-relevant responses, including perceptions of deservingness, recommendations for compensation, and blame assignment.     

Understanding the Role of Repeat Victims in the Production of Annual US Victimization Rates

Victimization incidence rates produced from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are a generally accepted annual indicator of the amount and type of crime in the United States. However, persons who report a large number of similar victimizations—known as series victimizations in the NCVS—are currently excluded in government reports of annual violent victimizations. This paper quantifies the effect of series incident counting procedures on national estimates of violent victimization. The findings suggest that these high-volume repeat victims can have a significant impact on the magnitude and distribution of violent victimization. Current government counting rules that exclude series incidents do not include about three out of every five violent victimizations and distorts the characterization and risk of violence in the United States. However, the inclusion of series incidents introduces significant estimate instability. One remedy is to use prevalence rates in concert with incidence rates to present a more complete and reliable picture of victimization.