中美探视权法律制度比较

中美由于社会政治制度、民族传统和习俗的差异,两国的探视权制度在主体、强制执行、实现方式、中止等方面均存在异同。反映了各自不同的立法目的和价值取向。我国的探望权应当从“扩大探望权主体范围;规定探望权受阻可成为变更抚养关系的法定诉讼理由;确立精神损害赔偿制度;探望权纠纷案例为非讼事件,适用特别程序,不得上诉;适用拒不执行生效判决文书罪”等方面加以完善。     

Effects on academia-industry collaboration of extending university property rights

Several recent studies show European university scientists contributing far more frequently to company-owned patented inventions than they do to patents owned by universities or by the academic scientists themselves. Recognising the significance of this channel for direct commercialisation of European academic research makes it important to understand its response to current Bayh-Dole inspired reforms of university patenting rights. This paper studies the contribution from university scientists to inventions patented by dedicated biotech firms (DBFs) specialised in drug discovery in Denmark and Sweden, which in this respect share a number of structural and historic characteristics. It examines effects of the Danish Law on University Patenting (LUP) effective January 2000, which transferred to the employer university rights to patents on inventions made by Danish university scientists alone or as participants in collaborative research with industry. Sweden so far has left property rights with academic scientists, as they also were in Denmark prior to the reform. Consequently, comparison of Danish and Swedish research collaboration before and after LUP offers a quasi-controlled experiment, bringing out effects on joint research of university IPR reform. In original data on all 3,640 inventor contributions behind the 1,087 patents filed by Danish and Swedish DBFs 1990–2004, Difference-in-Difference regressions uncover notable LUP-induced effects in the form of significant reductions in contributions from Danish domestic academic inventors, combined with a simultaneous substitutive increase of non-Danish academic inventors. A moderate increase in academic inventions channelled into university owned-patents does appear after LUP. But the larger part of the inventive potential of academia, previously mobilised into company-owned patents, seems to have been rendered inactive as a result of the reform. As a likely explanation of these effects the paper suggests that exploratory research, the typical target of joint university-DBF projects in drug discovery, fits poorly into LUP’s requirement for ex ante allocation of IPR. The Pre-LUP convention of IPR allocated to the industrial partner in return for research funding and publication rights to the academic partner may have offered more effective contracting for this type of research. There are indications that LUP, outside the exploratory agenda of drug discovery, offers a more productive framework for inventions requiring less complicated and uncertain post-discovery R&D.

徘徊与期待：涉检网络舆情学术研究综述——以2010-2011年CNKI中国期刊全文数据库文献为对象

涉检网络舆情是互联网高速发展的产物。自2010年最高人民检察院将“网络虚拟社会的建设管理”纳入社会管理创新工作内容以来。涉栓网络舆情的研究逐渐兴起。根据对2010-2011年CNKI中国期刊全文数据库文献研究分析,我们不难看出,目前对涉检网络舆情研究存在起步较晚。成果量少质弱,研究人员构成单一,地域分布不平衡,导致研究进展缓慢．未能为决策机关提供足够的智力支撑。根据文献学分析结果显示：涉检网络舆情的研究主题集中在涉检网络舆情涵义、成因、特点以及人民检察院应对策略等方面;也有学者对今后的研究发展进行了展望分析。     

以问题为导向的启发式教学方法应用研究

以问题为导向的启发式教学是将问题作为启发式教学的主要方法,基于课程的内容、学生所掌握的知识,提出以问题为导向、启发教学、案例辅导、术语精讲的教学方法。在教学实践中,以《道路交通安全法规》课程为例应用以问题为导向的启发式教学方法,教师必须充分了解课程的内容,具有良好的课堂驾驭能力并提出难度适中的问题,提出的问题应具有开放性、逻辑性和符合教学大纲的要求。     

以公共价值为基础的政府绩效治理——源起、架构与研究问题

政府绩效管理兴起二十多年来,已由西方国家应对财政和信任危机、提高行政效率的工具拓展为各国政府改革和创新的重要内容,新公共管理的实践价值和理论优势在其中都得到了充分体现。但其理论缺陷和实践中的困惑,特别是在公共价值方面的冲突使学术界的探索从未停止过。本文通过对中国、美国、日本等国的实践案例考察,从制度变迁和公共行政学术史两个层面的质性研究,提出了以公共价值为基础的政府绩效治理理论体系框架。文章首先从"公共性"、"合作生产"和"可持续"三个方面对新公共管理背景下的政府绩效管理进行了反思,认为公共价值对政府绩效合法性具有本质的规定性。其次,初步论证了以公共价值为基础的政府绩效治理的两个基本命题——政府绩效是一种社会建构、产出即绩效;认为只有来源于社会的政府绩效才能获得合法性基础,也只有根植于社会的政府绩效才能产生其可持续提升的需要,这是政府绩效管理的根本动力;而在政府绩效价值建构基础上的科学管理,才能保证政府产出与社会需求的高度一致,充分体现科学管理的价值。再次,从这两个基本命题出发,以价值管理和管理科学理论为基础,构建起了以公共价值为基础的政府绩效治理模型,并对模型中政府绩效的价值建构、组织管理和协同领导系统等主要内容进行了阐述。最后,从模型如何"落地"、政府绩效管理的价值分析和研究拓展等方面提出了未来的研究方向。     

对美国少数民族教育立法的初步研究

本文在实地调研及文献研究的基础上 ,对美国少数民族教育立法的内容、特点等问题 ,进行了初步的但属开创性的研究。并结合我国的实际 ,提出了加强我国少数民族教育法制建设的若干思考。     

Confidence in an election authority and satisfaction with democracy: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of a failed election in Sweden

Contemporary research on electoral integrity has focused on the functioning, evaluation, and legitimacy of electoral processes in emerging democracies. By contrast, this study investigates whether a failed election in a well-established democracy can affect individuals' evaluations of the electoral management body, the Election Authority, and whether those evaluations affect satisfaction with democracy. Using the case of a Swedish regional election in 2010 that had to be rerun due to procedural mistakes in the vote handling, we found that, in the short term, individuals’ confidence in the Election Authority was reduced after it was announced that the election had to be rerun because of the mistakes. Subsequently, this decreased confidence was strongly associated with less satisfaction with democracy at the regional and national level. As good news for the authority, after a successful rerun election, confidence rebounded to the levels prior to the failed election.     

Convenient and Inconvenient Truths in Family Law: Preventing Scholar‐Advocacy Bias in the Use of Social Science Research for Public Policy

This is the second of two articles on the risks of advocacy bias in the reporting of research findings when boundaries are blurred between social science research and advocacy in the pursuit of public policy. In the first article we identify common ways in which social science researchers and reviewers of research—wittingly or unwittingly—can become advocates for ideological positions and social policies at the expense of being balanced reporters of research evidence. The first article discusses the difference between truth in social science and truth in law and identifies a range of scholar‐advocacy strategies that bias research evidence, illustrated by recent debates about overnight parenting of infants and toddlers. In this second article we show how biased research evidence by scholar advocates results in increased confusion and controversy that diminishes the credibility of all parties and stalemates progress in the field, using a case illustration of intimate partner violence in family court. We also show how adherence to scientific methods prevents the misuse of research and suggest a number of collaborative, integrative measures that can help transcend the adversarial stalemate. In a look to the future we consider some unbiased, standardized ways of assessing the strength and generalizability of research evidence.     

论监察法学的研究论域

《监察法》的出台既是对国家监察体制改革成果的立法确认,也是腐败治理法治化的政治共识和社会共识的集中表达。近年来,围绕国家监察体制改革和《监察法》立法与适用的理论研究方兴未艾,各种思想观点的荟萃和制度理论的创新开创了一个全新的研究论域。监察法学的研究论域具有独立性和集中性,这是由其特殊的理论基础和特定的研究对象所决定。当前,要加快创设和建构监察法学学科,推动监察法学研究方法的整合与更新,持续为推动党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争向纵深发展提供稳定的理论知识供给和制度选择方案。监察法学的研究要确立其学科论域的基本构成,包括监察法基本原则的体系建构论、法律关系的主体适用论、监察制度的过程控制论和监察程序的衔接保障论等。在确立研究论域的基础上,监察法学应当坚持以现实问题为研究导向来保持其实践性品格,并继续兼蓄其他学科的思想资源和分析框架,以期形成具有中国特色、中国话语和中国气派的监察法学研究格局。     

论案例研究的类型与视角

案例研究区剐于一般的案例分析,旨在透过案例总结与提升其中蕴含的部门法规则或法理问题。从研究所涉及的案例数量而言,有个案、类型化和整体性三种案例研究方法;从研究的视角而言,有部门法学、法理学和法社会学的三种案例研究方法。在我国法学发展和法治建设的时代背景下,案例研究应当成为法学研究的重要方法。