Effects of CBRN Decontaminants in Common use by First Responders on the Recovery of Latent Fingerprints—Assessment of the Loss of Ridge Detail on Glass

Following a CBRN incident, first responders use decontamination procedures to reduce the risk of exposure. The effect of decontamination on forensic trace material has, however, not been fully examined. This study sought to evaluate the effect of five different physical or chemical decontamination materials on the recovery of latent fingerprints. Fingerprints were deposited on glass slides, decontaminated, and assessed on the presence of ridge detail. The results demonstrate that decontamination affects the quality of latent fingerprints substantially. On at least 61% of the fingerprints, a reduced amount of ridge detail was observed upon decontamination. Furthermore, development with cyanoacrylate appeared not to succeed anymore. Instead, the ability of vacuum metal deposition to successfully develop decontaminated fingerprints is demonstrated. The results from this study may contribute to an increased forensic awareness regarding decontamination and emphasize the necessity for further research into new item decontamination procedures or new forensic initiatives prior to decontamination.     

两种铁铬合金电警棍遗留金属颗粒成分分析

目的检测两种电警棍铁铬合金电极遗留金属颗粒的成分,对同一电警棍电击前后遗留金属颗粒成分特征进行分析,对电警棍遗留金属颗粒成分的稳定性、差异性进行评价。方法使用电警棍分别多次摩擦滤纸和电击猪皮,使用碳导电胶带粘取遗留金属颗粒,应用SEM/EDS技术检测颗粒元素成分,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果两种电警棍电击前遗留铁铬合金颗粒及电击后遗留铁铬合金颗粒成分均稳定,存在差异;实验两种电警棍电击后遗留金属颗粒成分分布发生显著变化,除原成分铁铬颗粒外,实验猪皮表面均检出全新成分的铁铬合金颗粒,且两种电警棍电击后产生的全新铁铬颗粒成分稳定无显著差异。结论通过分析两种电警棍铁铬电极电击前后遗留多金属颗粒成分分布特征,可以实现对两种电警棍电极的识别,为人体电警棍损伤的识别与认定提供技术支持和理论依据。     

论中国对专属经济区内他国军事活动的法律立场——以“无暇号”事件为视角

沿海国在专属经济区内是否享有对外国军事活动的管辖权一直以来都存在争议,美国的无暇号海洋测量船闯入中国专属经济区这一事件更引起了中美两国的外交争端。沿海国在专属经济区内享有安全利益,未经沿海国的许可,他国不得借军事测量为名在沿海国的专属经济区内从事危害其国家安全的活动。这种军事测量活动不仅与《联合国海洋法公约》中和平利用海洋的宗旨相悖,而且也不在海洋自由之列,中国可以对此进行必要的拦截。     

裂解器金属衬管对油脂定量分析诸因素的影响

目的在裂解甲基化油脂分析中,考察并讨论了裂解器金属衬管对油脂定量分析的影响因素。方法采用气相色谱仪,FID检测器,FFAP毛细柱,热丝型裂解器及居里点裂解器,对大豆色拉油的五种主要组分:软脂酸,硬脂酸,油酸,亚油酸,亚麻酸进行了定量分析。结果(1)当在金属衬管内裂解分析时,裂解产物往往随极性的增大而吸附性增强;(2)在有酸,碱媒介裂解分析时,衬管的金属材质会对活性组分起到降解和催化转化作用;(3)这些因素的存在,会严重影响测定结果的准确性。结论采用金属衬管时,亚麻酸(n=5)RSD(%)高达14.07,而采用石英衬管时,RSD(%)则降至1.92。     

监狱应重视民警的心理健康教育

调查显示,监狱民警心理不健康程度比社会上一般群体要高.这不仅与其工作条件、生活环境、物质待遇较差有关,也和监狱工作本身任务重、压力大、风险大等因素分不开.因此,在监狱民警中开展心理健康教育,是新时期监狱工作的需要,也是监狱机关体现从优待警的一项重要举措.     

针刀治疗椎体成形术后残留腰背痛34例

目的 观察针刀治疗椎体成形术后残留腰背痛的临床疗效。方法 将68例椎体成形术后残留腰背痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例,对照组使用口服抗骨质疏松药物及针灸治疗,治疗组给予抗骨质疏松药物及针刀治疗,记录患者针刀治疗前、治疗后3 d、治疗后1个月、治疗后6个月视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分及Oswestry残损指数（oswestry disability index,ODI）评分,观察患者不良反应发生情况。结果 两组患者治疗前VAS和ODI评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,具有可比性;两组患者治疗后各个时点VAS评分均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗组治疗后各时点VAS和ODI评分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。术后两组患者均未发现晕针、断针、术口感染及神经根或马尾神经损伤等并发症。结论 针刀治疗可以有效提高椎体成形术后残留腰背痛的治疗效果。     

Latent Fingerprint Visualization using a Scanning Kelvin Probe in Conjunction with Vacuum Metal Deposition

The application of vacuum metal deposition before scanning Kelvin probe visualization of fingerprints is investigated. The potential contrast between fingerprint ridges and furrows is maximized by the use of silver deposition for non‐noble metals and gold–zinc deposition for noble metals. The higher susceptibility of eccrine fingerprints to vacuum metal overdeposition is confirmed. Additionally, fingerprints are best developed individually and by building the metal deposition slowly to protect against overdevelopment and variation in the rate of metal condensation. The progress of the metal deposition can be monitored using the scanning Kelvin probe by reference to the change in potential and continuity of the new potential on the surface. The use of acetic acid solution for the recovery of overVMD‐developed samples is shown not to be useful. Applying the metal deposition has the additional prospect of increasing surface conductivity and homogeneity and both can aid fingerprint visualization using the scanning Kelvin probe.     

一种水下金属物证探测器的设计

目的 设计一种水下金属物证探测器,用于公安人员在池塘、沟渠、水井等水域中搜寻金属类物证.方法 采用金属探测技术、水下视频采集技术和无线传输技术相结合,实现探测器的多功能特性.结果 在深度不超过4m的水域中,借助探测器可以准确搜寻到金属物证.结论 该探测器具有金属探测以及视频图像采集、无线发送和保存的功能,能满足一定范围内搜寻水下金属物证的工作需求.     

A Physical Match of a Metallic Chip Found on a Bolt Cutters’ Blade

Bolt cutters are known as devices which are used for cutting hard objects and rigid materials such as padlocks and bars. They are commonly used in instances of forced entries. In this case study, a bolt cutter was found in the car of two suspects in a grocery burglary. This study indicates how the presence of a small metallic chip found on a suspected bolt cutter can prove that the tool was used in the crime scene. During the initial examination, a metallic chip from the cut shackle padlock was found stuck to one of the bolt cutters’ blades. By comparing the metallic chip's microscopic edge and the breaking (fracture) line of the padlock's shackle, a full physical match was noticed. We wish to report here how residue, even the smallest, can be used to link burglary tools to a crime scene with a high level of certainty.     

Disproportionality in Daily Metal Detector Student Searches in U.S. Public Schools

While the effectiveness of metal detectors to improve school safety remains debated, many public schools continue to rely on this technology to control school violence. Among them is the 1% of public schools where students are searched on a daily basis by metal detector. This study examines the school-level risk factors associated with daily searches to estimate the disproportionality of their use in high-violence, majority-minority public schools. Analyzing data from the 2007?2008 School Survey on Crime and Safety, this study finds that 91% of public schools that perform daily metal detector searches of students are high-violence, majority-minority schools. However, the results also show that, among high-violence schools, those with majority-minority enrollments are significantly more likely than others to conduct these searches. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of policy responses to school violence that are distinct and disproportionate according to student demographics, rather than safety conditions.