处罚法定视野下失信惩戒的规范进路

在新《行政处罚法》增设行政处罚定义条款的背景下,大部分失信惩戒措施都可以纳入行政处罚范畴。处罚法定原则是规范行政处罚的关键技术,现行失信惩戒制度在要件、效果、程序等维度上皆不同程度偏离了处罚法定原则,亟需纠偏。在要件法定层面,应对失信概念进行类型化提炼、拼接失信构成要件的规范分离,并增设主观过错要素;在效果法定层面,失信惩戒的设定应恪守法律保留、建立失信行为与惩戒措施的匹配规则,并在"一事不再罚"框架内实施惩戒;在程序法定层面,信息归集程序应符合《民法典》《个人信息保护法》设定的信息处理规则,处罚决定程序须在自动化处理和人工介入之间求得平衡并合理限定追究时效,信用修复程序则应完善修复条件,以及引入"信息修复"制度。     

Criminal thinking as a moderator of the perceived certainty–offending relationship: age variations

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the perceived certainty of punishment and general criminal thinking interact and whether the effect varies as a function of age. Data from all 1354 members (1170 males, 184 females) of the Pathways to Desistance study were used to test whether perceived certainty, general criminal thinking, and their interaction predicted subsequent offending during late adolescence (16–18 years of age) and emerging adulthood (20–22 years of age). The results showed that while perceived certainty and general criminal thinking failed to interact at age 17, general criminal thinking moderated the effect of perceived certainty at age 21. During emerging adulthood, offending was more common and varied in young adults with low certainty perceptions and high criminal thinking than it was in emerging adults with high criminal thinking and high certainty perceptions or low criminal thinking and either high or low certainty perceptions.     

博弈论视角下的自首行为分析

用博弈论的观点分析自首行为，是对刑法问题研究的一次创新和突破，是在刑法之外研究刑法问题的重要路径之一。自首行为与博弈论分析对象的内在契合性决定了自首行为博弈分析的可行性。为使用博弈论观点分析自首行为的可操作性更强，博弈模型的分析找到了多种策略组合中的纳什均衡点，为自首制度的施行提供了理论上的支持。不同博弈类型下自首的认定分析，为解决司法实践中的自首认定问题提供了路径。     

What Executioners Can—and Cannot—Teach Us About the Death Penalty

Those who work with the condemned often come to reject the death penalty not only in individual cases, and not only on the ground that it is poorly implemented. They tend to conclude that the punishment is wrong. I argue that the perspective of the executioner helps illuminate the debate about whether to abolish capital punishment, and that indeed the perspective of those who work with the condemned raises the troubling possibility that support for the death penalty can survive only at a great remove. Jeffrie Murphy has also argued that the executioner’s perspective can be useful, but I contend that Murphy asks the wrong question. His essay considers whether an executioner may, under some circumstances, take pride in his work. The better question is whether anyone ought to be asked to do such work. On this latter question, the perspective of the executioner sheds important light. Like Murphy, I draw on works by and about Albert Pierrepoint, the “last hangman” of Britain. I also draw on the perspectives of numerous executioners, wardens, chaplains, and other death row personnel. I argue that their perspectives offer a powerful argument against the main rationale for the death penalty: retribution. If retribution is keyed to the offender’s character as well as his wrongful act, then post-conviction character ought to matter. The executioners’ accounts share a common theme: that death row inmates change over time and hold the potential for redemption.     

Justifications for Non-Consensual Medical Intervention: From Infectious Disease Control to Criminal Rehabilitation

A central tenet of medical ethics holds that it is permissible to perform a medical intervention on a competent individual only if that individual has given informed consent to the intervention. Yet it occasionally seems morally permissible to carry out non-consensual medical interventions on competent individuals for the purpose of infectious disease control (IDC). We describe two different moral frameworks that have been invoked in support of non-consensual IDC interventions and identify five desiderata that might be used to guide assessments of the moral permissibility of such interventions on either kind of fundamental justification. We then consider what these desiderata imply for the justifiability of carrying out non-consensual medical interventions that are designed to facilitate rehabilitation amongst serious criminal offenders. We argue that these desiderata suggest that a plausible case can be made in favor of such interventions.     

对增设未成年犯社区服务刑的探讨

社区服务刑融教育刑思想与赔偿理论于一体,符合刑罚轻缓化和行刑社会化的趋势。对未成年犯适用社区服务刑,既能体现刑罚的惩罚功能,又能达到刑罚教育预防的目的。     

论刑事公诉案件中被害人的上诉权

当前的刑诉法典规定,公诉案件的被害人不享有上诉权,其不服地方各级人民法院第一审的判决,只能请求人民检察院抗诉。围绕着是否应赋予被害人以上诉权,目前理论界存在两种对立的观点：肯定说（赞成说）和否定说（反对说）。基于刑事诉讼惩罚犯罪与保障人权的目的,比较这两种观点及主要理由并综合考虑各种因素,在刑事诉讼法再修改时应赋予被害人有限的上诉权。     

宪政维度中的刑讯逼供与罪刑法定

罪刑法定原则是刑法的根本原则之一,而刑讯逼供在我国是一个在司法中久禁不止,且甚为普遍的现象.刑讯逼供罪具有独特的多重当事人结构,与宪政视野的罪刑法定原则相契合.罪刑法定原则的设置源于宪政意义上的限制权力、保障人权的考虑.     

社区服务刑刍议

在我国,社区服务刑作为一种全新的刑罚方式,可以避免传统监禁刑和罚金刑的一些弊端,可以达到犯罪人和社区的双赢效果,体现了轻缓化、非刑罚化的刑罚改革趋势,是完善我国刑罚结构的需要,是我国刑事司法和社区矫正工作的现实要求,也是我国社会发展的必然要求。在我国《刑法》中引入社区服务刑这一刑罚方式具有现实意义,但如何进行立法,有哪些现实困难以及如何解决,增设社区服务刑会有怎样的影响等,都有必要进行探讨。     

《丹麦刑事执行法》的主要内容及其对我国立法的启示

《丹麦刑事执行法》内容全面而系统,操作性强,蕴涵人权保护、行刑社会化等法制理念,自2000年颁布施行以来,对该国刑事执行工作的良性运作发挥了重大作用。虽然我国与丹麦在政治制度、历史文化传统等方面存在差异,但他山之石,可以攻玉,对《丹麦刑事执行法》的统一立法体例、先进的执行理念以及对罪犯权利的保障等制度规则的研究与探索,对我国刑事执行立法具有重要意义。