行政命令与行政处罚程序和谐关系之构建

行政命令与行政处罚是两种不同的具体行政行为,二者在实体上相互区分的同时,在程序上又相互联系,这种联系建立在二者都可针对相对人的违法行为作出的基础上,表现为程序上的排他关系、并行关系或优先关系,其中以命令前置为原则的程序优先关系是一种和谐的程序关系．它不仅体现了执法手段从轻到重的和谐,也体现了行政主体与行政相对人之间的和谐,构建这种和谐的程序关系对保障相对人的合法权益具有重要的意义。     

Desert, Justice and Capital Punishment

Our purpose in this paper is to consider a procedural objection to the death penalty. According to this objection, even if the death penalty is deemed, substantively speaking, a morally acceptable punishment for at least some murderers, since only a small proportion of those guilty of aggravated murder are sentenced to death and executed, while the majority of murderers escape capital punishment as a result of arbitrariness and discrimination, capital punishment should be abolished. Our targets in this paper are two recent attempts, by Thomas Hurka and Michael Cholbi respectively, to defend the view that ‘levelling down’ (that is, reducing the punishment imposed on a criminal from the punishment he absolutely deserves to a less severe punishment in order to achieve proportionality relative to the criminals who have escaped the punishment they absolutely deserve) is, in the context of capital punishment, morally permissible. We argue that both Hurka and Cholbi fail to show why the arbitrariness and discrimination objection impugns the death penalty.

制度经济学视野下宽严相济的经济犯罪控制对策研究

随着"宽严相济"刑事政策的出台,刑法势必重新选择对经济犯罪的控制对策,以摆脱效益与公正性的困境。根据这种对策所形成的制度安排应当在减少交易成本和保障制度创新方面符合市场经济的基本要求,具体包括两个方面:构建非刑法的经济犯罪控制体系;根据经济违法行为的不同危害性构建相应的刑法控制体系。     

浅析子产的依法治国之道

春秋时期,礼崩乐坏,社会激荡,天下大乱。郑国执政子产,审时度势,率先提出了:“都鄙有章,上下有服,田有封洫,庐井有伍”的依法度治理国家的政治主张,以求灭灾役、愈创伤、图生存、谋发展,为此,他铸刑彰法,崇德尚罚,改税励贾。这其中既有“罪刑法定”的成份,也有“宽猛相济”的因子,又有“经济法制”的元素。因而它对于我们今天更好地贯彻党和政府“依法治国”方略,实现国内经济法制与国际经贸法规科学对接,不无借鉴与启迪。     

析单位犯罪自首

新刑法确立了单位犯罪的主体地位,对于单位犯罪理论中的自首认定和处罚问题并没有具体涉及,单位犯罪后自首认定理论界尚存分歧,这就给司法实践的具体操作带来困难,需要对单位犯罪中的自首情形进行研究,本文在此基础上明确单位犯罪自首与单位自首的理论区别,探讨单位自首后的处罚问题。     

The Nurturing Neighborhood: The Brownsville Boys Club and Jewish Community in Urban America, 1940–1990, by G. Sorin

Abstract

Corporal punishment (CP) refers to the deliberate infliction of physical pain on children in response to an apparent disobedience or disapproved behavior. It is still used in educational settings in numerous nations worldwide, including Bangladesh. Despite the government’s efforts to ban corporal punishment in Bangladesh, the practice is prevalent, with children routinely enduring various punishments in the school system. Questions remain related to how widespread this practice is and whether certain groups of children (e.g., low income or rural) are being affected more severely than others. This article explores the use of physical punishment in Bangladeshi elementary schools and the socioeconomic variables that may be predictors of its use. The primary research questions that guide this article are: (1) do socioeconomic characteristics (i.e., gender, age, education, school type, parental socio-economic status) predict physical punishment in the school system in Bangladesh? and (2) is there a statistically significant relation between poverty and physical punishment for elementary school children in Bangladesh? Findings indicate that of the 450 children included in the sample, more than 86.6% were subjected to at least one form of physical abuse (e.g., hit with a stick or slapped) and types of abuse varied by their demographics. Findings also show that poverty status is a strong predictor of physical punishment in the school within Bangladesh.     

公安行政执法中的人权保障问题分析

公安行政执法中侵犯人权现象表现在:"临时民警"违规执法事件时有发生;证据意识不强、取证不及时;公安行政执法中的不作为;公安行政处罚中的不规范执法;劳动教养、收容教育中侵犯人权的现象较严重。为加强公安行政执法中的人权保障,应规范公安行政强制措施方面的立法;树立人权理念,强化程序、证据意识;健全公安行政执法的监督机制;完善公安机关的人事、培训制度。     

陷害教唆行为研究——兼及与犯罪停止形态的关系

在系统梳理中外立法与理论关于陷害教唆的规定和学说的基础上,以陷害教唆的体系地位即教唆故意为立足点,具体分析了七种情况下陷害教唆的认定和处理问题,驳诘了各种偏颇之论。     

国家刑罚权与检察职能的关系

现代检察制度是随着国家将刑罚权分解并由不同国家机关承担侦查、起诉与审判职能而产生与发展起来的,是法治思想的产物。刑事法治的要旨在于对国家刑罚权进行限制以保障公民个体的权利。我国法治实践表明,检察机关的根本任务应从侧重刑罚的保护功能(惩治犯罪)向刑罚保护功能和保障功能(保障人权)并举,维护国家刑罚权良性运行的轨道转变,这不仅是刑事司法规律对检察权运行的本质要求,也是"法律监督"属性在刑事司法领域的本质含义和具体体现。     

执行罚详探

为了实现国家行政管理目标,保障行政法义务得到及时的履行,执行罚起着举足轻重的作用。实践中存在的天价滞纳金现象显然违背了这一制度设计的初衷,因此有必要对此制度进行详细的探寻,以保障行政主体及时实现行政行为的内容和有效避免相对人的权益受到不应有的损害。