外来务工人员处刑轻缓化考察

2005年、2006年度某市检察院受理审查起诉的刑事案件的实证统计数据表明,外来务工人员被告人的非监禁率水平偏低,非监禁化没有得到应有体现,主要存在文化理念、客观现实、司法成本障碍。建议严格执行高检院慎重适用逮捕措施的精神,加强司法机关的科技办案能力,增加财政投入,制定外来务工人员轻刑案件轻缓化实施意见。     

陷害教唆行为研究——兼及与犯罪停止形态的关系

在系统梳理中外立法与理论关于陷害教唆的规定和学说的基础上,以陷害教唆的体系地位即教唆故意为立足点,具体分析了七种情况下陷害教唆的认定和处理问题,驳诘了各种偏颇之论。     

Reassessing the Influence of Criminal History in Federal Criminal Courts

Abstract

Prior sentencing research indicates that defendants with more extensive criminal histories receive more punitive dispositions and that criminal history influences sentencing decisions over and above its influence on the guideline recommended sentence. To date, these additional effects of criminal history have almost exclusively been treated as linear effects. However, there are plausible reasons to expect that criminal history could have curvilinear effects on sentencing outcomes that taper off at higher scores. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential curvilinear effects of defendant criminal history on incarceration, sentence length, and downward departure decisions in federal criminal courts. The findings suggest that criminal history has curvilinear effects on each of these sentencing outcomes. As criminal history category increases, defendants receive more severe sentences, net of other factors, but only up to a certain threshold level, at which point criminal history effects taper off and even reverse.     

论环境行政处罚裁量的规制——以生态环境治理体系现代化为框架

面对日益激增的环境风险，立法规制局限、司法规制消极、行政规制乏力，难以规制环境行政处罚裁量权的行使，更增加环境行政处罚决定的履行难度。现代化生态环境治理体系构筑的政府、企业、社会公众三元主体结构，为环境行政处罚裁量规制提供了新的框架。在此三元结构框架下，以传统行政理论为基础，可以形成行政自制、协商规制、社会规制，共同作用于在环境行政全过程，规范并制约环境行政处罚裁量的行使。     

Race,economy and punishment: inequity and racial disparity in imprisonment, 1972–2002

Guided by the Rusche and Kirchheimer thesis, this study examines variation in incarceration rates across states. Time-series regression analysis is applied to 30?years of state-level data to examine how economic factors interact with aggregate measures of race/ethnicity in predicting rates of incarceration. The analysis indicates that income inequality, not unemployment, is the most salient predictor of incarceration rates. That is, state-level measures of income inequality exert a strong, positive effect on state-level incarceration rates, and this effect is particularly salient in the presence of higher percentages of African-Americans.     

Racial and ethnic differences in the consequences of school suspension for arrest

A growing body of literature has demonstrated that when schools suspend students, the suspension acts not as a deterrent but as an amplifier of future punishment. Labeling theory has emerged as the predominant explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting that the symbolic label conferred along with a suspension shapes how other people perceive and respond to labeled students. Few studies, however, have attended to racial/ethnic differences in this process even though critical race theory suggests the consequences of suspension likely differ across racial/ethnic groups due to prevailing racial/ethnic stereotypes. This study uses six waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 (N = 8,634) to examine how the relationship between suspension and subsequent arrest differs for White, Black, and Hispanic students. Using a series of within-person analyses that control for time-stable personal characteristics, this study finds that suspension amplifies Black and Hispanic students’ risk of arrest relative to that of White students. White students’ risk of arrest was not amplified by suspension and, in some models, was diminished. This study's findings underscore the importance of understanding the labeling process as different by race/ethnicity and indicate that suspension is particularly harmful for Black and Hispanic relative to White students.     

论认罪认罚从宽制度中“协商性基因”激活之路

认罪认罚从宽制度实质上是"协商性司法"的本土化表现,在两者机理存在交叠的条件下,探索该制度中内含的协商性要素便极具必要性,而探索的方向则是挖掘"协商性司法"与"对抗性司法"该两类模式间的联系。鉴于我国语境下的"协商"必然从"对抗"中萌芽,且对抗性司法又须以"以审判为中心"的刑事诉讼理念的落地为前提,因而,欲使该项制度就其附着的多元价值得到合理演绎,不仅需要与诉讼程序多样化的需求相适应,还应依照不同价值的特性适配以恰当的衔接机制。显然,审判中心诉讼格局的形成有可能为"重罪琐案"中控辩关系的重构加注推力,从而激活认罪认罚从宽制度中长期隐匿的"协商性基因"。     

《论犯罪与刑罚》的刑法学研究思维启示

在某种意义或相当程度上,《论犯罪与刑罚》在其是一部刑法社会学著作的同时,又是一部刑法实证学和刑法工程学著作,而社会学思维、实证学思维和工程学思维是该部著作能够留给当下我国刑法学研究的思维启示。我国当下的刑法学研究虽然知晓社会学方法和实证学方法,但在重视程度和如何运用上仍存在着相当偏差,而工程学方法则可能是无稽之谈,这些便严重制约了我国刑法学研究的创新性发展。     

我国民航旅客黑名单的三元体系及其救济途径

实践中,我国民航旅客黑名单形成了三元体系,其制定发布者既可能是国家有关机关即中国民用航空局,也可能是行业协会即中国航空运输协会,还可能是航空运输企业即航空公司。中国航空运输协会和中国民用航空局设立旅客黑名单是具体行政行为,属于行政处罚的行为罚和申诫罚,构成行政法律关系,可以提起行政复议或行政诉讼;航空公司设立旅客黑名单属于企业自主行为,构成民事法律关系,只能寻求民商事救济,但其合法性与合理性存疑。我国应通过民航旅客黑名单法律制度创新,赋予中国航空运输协会制定权、中国民用航空局监督权、航空公司动议权和执行权,赋予旅客行政复议和行政诉讼权。