交通伤后视觉功能障碍伤残评定

从交通伤后视功能障碍伤残评定实践出发,对视功能障碍新旧分级标准、交通伤眼损伤机制及临床表现、伤残评定时机、评定原则以及视觉障碍评估方法进行较全面的论述,有助于规范视觉功能障碍伤残评定.     

通过改革创新更有效地应对突发事件、保障基本权利、约束公共权力——以甬温线动车追尾事故救援处置工作教训为研究线索

甬温线特大事故警示人们,必须坚决纠正铁路系统政企不分的弊端;甬温线特大事故充分暴露出铁路系统应急法制建设的诸多问题和矛盾,应当予以分析解决;不但应从加强"硬件建设"的角度,还应从加强"软件建设"的角度,配套采取体制、机制和法制改革创新举措,依法有效地应对突发事件、保障基本权利、约束公共权力,提高铁路系统的危机管理和应急法制水平。     

农用运输车管理主体变更后的思考及对策

原有农用运输车管理体制存在的问题,导致了近年来农用运输车交通事故率大幅度上升的情况。目前,正值《道路交通安全法》的颁布实施,为加强农用运输车的管理,有必要采取一些行之有效的对策。     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY RAILWAY BETWEEN CIM AND SMGS

China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway — respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation (SMGS) and Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail (CIM). For transportation of goods by railway between China and Western Europe both the CIM and the SMGS are often applicable. China’s initiative “the Belt and Road” promotes development of railway transport in Eurasia and creates new incentives for comparative study between those two international legal systems. This article provides a brief historical outline of comparative studies between the CIM and SMGS. This article also purports to show that some similarities and differences between the two regimes might be better understood from the perspective of comparative legal history. Taking into account inter alia the common origin of the current versions of the CIM and SMGS in the 4th revision of the CIM of 1933, differences and similarities between two legal regimes have been analysed with regard to the following topics: the scope of application of the CIM and SMGS; the nature of the carrier’s liability under the CIM and SMGS; exclusivity of the CIM, exclusivity of the contract of carriage under the SMGS; period of responsibility; persons for whom the carrier is liable.     

论我国刑法第338条的立法缺陷与完善--以犯罪构成要件为视角

作为1997年刑法增设的一个罪名,重大环境污染事故罪有诸多理论与实践问题值得探讨.其主观构成要件、侵犯的客体,等等,多年来学界争议颇多.对上述问题进行深入探讨,有利于正确掌握该罪的犯罪特点,准确适用刑法.刑法第338条规定的重大环境污染事故罪是结果犯,以行为造成法定严重后果为行为构成犯罪之必要条件,不利于打击所有污染环境的犯罪行为.为促进环境的可持续发展,建议对该条予以修改和完善,增加危险犯条款.     

Using fire dynamics simulator to reconstruct a hydroelectric power plant fire accident

The location of the hydroelectric power plant poses a high risk to occupants seeking to escape in a fire accident. Calculating the heat release rate of transformer oil as 11.5 MW/m(2), the fire at the Taiwan Dajia-River hydroelectric power plant was reconstructed using the fire dynamics simulator (FDS). The variations at the escape route of the fire hazard factors temperature, radiant heat, carbon monoxide, and oxygen were collected during the simulation to verify the causes of the serious casualties resulting from the fire. The simulated safe escape time when taking temperature changes into account is about 236 sec, 155 sec for radiant heat changes, 260 sec for carbon monoxide changes, and 235-248 sec for oxygen changes. These escape times are far less than the actual escape time of 302 sec. The simulation thus demonstrated the urgent need to improve escape options for people escaping a hydroelectric power plant fire.     

驾驶人基于感知判断反应错误引发的事故分析

机动车驾驶人的驾车过程是一个复杂的心理过程,其中尤为重要的是感知、判断、反应三个环节,其中任何一个环节出现差错都有可能导致道路交通事故的发生。分析机动车驾驶人的感知错误、判断错误和反应不恰当与道路交通事故之间存在的关系,有助于提高机动车驾驶人驾驶技术和应变能力,从而达到预防和减少道路交通事故的目的。     

健全我国水污染防治法中的应急制度

现代法治发达国家处置环境突发公共事件的经验表明,国家预防和处理环境突发性公共事件的实效与环境应急机制的法制化及科学化程度密切相关."松花江水污染"事件暴露出我国水污染应急机制的诸多弊端,但这些弊端经过合理的制度设计是可以避免的,建议修订《环境保护法》和《水污染防治法》的相关规定,在我国尽快建立并完善以重点流域为单元的突发性水污染事件应急处理制度.     

道路交通事故人身损害赔偿中的过失相抵

在道路交通事故人身损害赔偿案中,受害人对于自身损害的发生也有过失的,应当实行过失相抵。过失相抵的基本原则为强者负担更多损失原则,保护儿童、老人等弱者原则。对于机动车方具体承担的赔偿比例应根据机动车方和受害者的过失程度来决定。     

一起交通事故引发的诉讼及法律问题

《道路交通安全法》第73条将交通事故责任认定书仅作为处理交通事故的证据,在法学理论上会产生冲突,在司法实践中已造成混乱。解决的办法主要是:把公安交通部门做出的交通事故认定作为具体行政行为来对待;检察院对此类案件在规定的时间里没有公诉的,即转为自诉,走自诉程序;建立被害人的国家赔偿制度,以保护被害人的合法权益。