人脾淋巴细胞核DNA含量及形态学参数的变化规律

目的 探讨人体死亡后脾淋巴细胞核DNA含量及形态学参数的变化规律。方法 选取具有明确死亡时间的人体尸体材料,离体脾脏置于室内(19～24℃),在40h内每3～7h取材1次,做成细胞悬液,经RNA酶水解等处理,PI染色,流式细胞仪测定细胞核中含不完整DNA的细胞数,获得M1值。结果 随着死亡时间的延长,M1值逐渐增大,与死亡时间具有明显的相关性,其相关系数为0.9826。在21h,M1值达21.146％,其后M1值的增大出现加速的趋势,在40h达56.965％,并仍有增大的趋势。结论 人体脾脏淋巴细胞核DNA的降解情况(M1值)与死亡时间具有明显的相关性,延长取材时间,积累标本,建立数据库,将为死亡时间的推断提供较为精确的方法。     

省直管县改革与县级政府财政解困——基于6省面板数据的实证研究

在全国各地普遍试点并推广的省直管县改革被认为是实现县域经济盘活和县级政府财政解困的重要手段,但关于该问题的大样本实证证据却尚未发现。基于6省2004-2009年的面板数据,采用基于自然实验的倍差法模型估计,本文实证分析了省直管县改革对县级政府财政自给能力的实际影响。研究发现省直管县改革的财政政策效应明显,显著提高了县级政府的财政自给率,但其政策效应呈现出边际效益递减的趋势。研究还发现省直管县改革对县级市、富裕县和规模较大的县的政策效应最明显。本文对上述发现进行了讨论,并据此提出省直管县改革通过提高财政自给率而对县级政府财政解困产生积极作用,但在稳步推进省直管县改革的同时需要采取配套措施;省直管县改革在不同规模、经济发展水平和行政单位性质的县产生的政策效应不尽相同,各地在推行省直管县改革时应因地制宜,结合县域经济和财力情况,制定适宜的政策并采取合适的策略。     

大鼠脑、骨髓细胞核DNA降解推断死后间隔时间的研究

目的检测大鼠死后不同温度下脑、骨髓细胞核DNA降解规律，寻找推断早期死亡间隔时间（PMI）的新参数。方法10℃和20℃下，大鼠死后0～40h内，每隔4h取材脑组织和骨髓，单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）检测DNA降解程度，线性回归分析比较彗星参数HeadDNA％、尾长（TL）、Olive尾矩（TM）与PMI的关系。结果大鼠死后早期脑细胞、骨髓细胞核Head DNA％随着PMI逐渐下降的程度不同，20℃脑细胞核Head DNA％降解速率较快。与骨髓细胞相比，脑细胞核Head DNA％与PMI线性关系较好。与TL、TM相比，Head DNA％与PMI的线性关系较好。结论脑组织是利用SCGE检测DNA降解推断PMI的合适检材。Head DNA％较TL、TM推断PMI的价值更高。     

Prevalence of diatom frustules in non-vegetarian foodstuffs and its implications in interpreting identification of diatom frustules in drowning cases

Detection of diatom frustules in bone marrow (diatom test) is used for diagnosing ante-mortem drowning where the usual signs of drowning are not present in dead bodies recovered from water. However, controversies over the reliability of diatom test results are continuing. There have been indications on the possibilities of diatoms entering into systemic circulation from atmospheric air, food and drink. While diatoms have been demonstrated in the gut content of edible marine forms such as shrimps and clams, the present study, for the first time, provides empirical evidence on the prevalence as well as abundance of diatom frustules in the samples of cooked non-vegetarian foodstuffs that impend human consumption in Kelantan, Malaysia. It is found that 50 g each of cleaned and cooked prawns and of clams impending human consumption contain about 8360 and 29,054 diatom frustules, respectively. A person accustomed to prawn and clam food would be ingesting an estimated 2 million diatoms in a single year. Considering the suggestion that detection of five diatom frustules in 10 g of bone marrow would suffice for concluding drowning as mode of death, and the fact that there is yet no proof that diatom frustules do not enter into the human systemic circulation through the digestive tract, the estimated number of diatom frustules routinely ingested acquires significance since entry of a few of such ingested frustules into the systemic circulation can lead to false positive test results. The findings of this research raise two important issues: first, population based routine food related diatom ingestion requires to be estimated, and, second, studies have to be initiated to categorically prove or disprove the possibility of entry of diatom frustules into the systemic circulation via the digestive tract.     

免疫印迹检测人胸大肌肌钙蛋白I推断较晚期死后经过时间

目的研究人死后骨骼肌肌钙蛋白I(Skeletal troponn in I,sTnI)的变化规律,探讨较晚期死后经过时间推断方法。方法以人胸大肌为研究对象,利用免疫印迹(W estern b lot)结合图象分析技术半定量检测不同离体时间内人胸大肌sTnI的含量,观察其与离体时间的关系。结果人胸大肌sTnI含量随离体时间延长而逐渐下降,与离体时间的对数值呈近似的线性关系:Y=11 972.5-4 761.9 lgX,相关系数r=0.989;离体5d的人胸大肌仍可检出sTnI。结论检验人死后骨骼肌(胸大肌)sTnI的含量有望成为用于推断人体较晚期死后经过时间的新技术。     

Sustainable fiscal policies and budgetary risk under alternative monetary policy arrangements

Early work on the theory of economic policy stressed the importance of the interactions between fiscal and monetary policy. Tinbergen, and Cooper, showed us that there would be costs in instability and protracted imbalances, in particular fiscal imbalances, if this was not recognised. Yet most models we use today treat fiscal or monetary policies as if they operated alone. This paper reviews the advantages of recognising those interactions. We consider three possibilities: fiscal leadership (in the sense of acting first), monetary leadership, and simultaneous decision making, each underpinned by independence at the central bank. This temporal separation is important because it creates an opportunity for punishment by the follower (a result from asynchronous games). Making fiscal policy lead, and monetary follow, provides fiscal precommitment and the best results for output, inflation and fiscal balances. In particular, it ensures sustainable public finances without the need for arbitrary (and easily evaded) external restrictions. We show these results are proof against override by rational governments; and robust to changes in structure caused by flattening of the Phillips curve, globalisation, market reforms, and changes in savings.

含噪声信号频率的零极点法检测

在噪声中进行正弦信号的识别有着很实际的意义。本文利用现代谱估计中AR模型系数多项式的根,即零极点法对含噪声正弦信号进行频率识别。考虑在不同的信噪比及不同的信号频率时,该方法的特点和适应性。相关结论用MATLAB仿真。     

根据肋骨推断年龄的初步研究

肋骨和全身其他骨一样,其形态一生都在变化.Kerley发现,青春期的肋骨胸骨端呈波浪状;中年期的呈杯状,有锐利的边缘;老年期的呈不规则状.最近,Iscan等根据Kerley的初步观察,把肋骨胸骨端作为测定年龄的又一可以实践的部位,先后用两种方法对其形态改变进行了分析.他们最初用的是成分分析法(component analysis),后来用的是阶段分析法(Phase analysis).iscan等认为,阶段分析     

Trends in Assault: On the Relationship between the Assault Rate and Selected Social Indicators in Post-War Finland

This article examines to what extent different social indicators can explain statistically the development or changes in the volume of assaults. First, the development of recorded assault criminality in Finland during the time period 1950-2000 is examined. By comparison with victim surveys it is concluded that the longterm increase of recorded assaults reflects partly the real development but is also partly a result of the increased rate of detection of violence. The urbanization of Finnish society is perhaps the key factor behind this development. It has inevitably increased factual physical opportunities for different kinds of violent encounters but at the same time also the probability that such incidents are registered. As factors that could potentially explain shortterm variation in the assault rate, selected social indicators such as alcohol consumption, rate of immigration and unemployment are examined. To guard against spurious relationships due to highly influential or outlying data points, a robust method of estimation of the regression model - the least median of squares - is also used. Of the indicators examined, consumption, private consumers' expenditure and the clearance rate of assaults have the best explanatory power. However, although the relationship of these indicators with annual changes alcohol in the assault rate is statistically significant, there should be no illusion about the ability to predict the future development of assault rate with precision using such social indicators. It is stressed that the assault rate is also determined by qualitative factors connected with opportunities for crimes and criminal motivation that can hardly be compressed into statistical timeseries or subjected to quantitative measurement.     

角膜混浊的形成机制及法医学应用进展

角膜混浊是一种重要的死后变化。本文通过对角膜基质胶原纤维特殊结构,蛋白多糖水合作用及离子强度变化在角膜混浊发生中的作用及机理进行综述,并对其法医学应用进行初步探讨。