论社区矫正制度与我国刑法的进一步完善

《刑法修正案（八）》在法律上正式确立了社区矫正制度。但是,《刑法修正案（八）》中关于社区矫正制度的规定仍存在诸多缺憾。随着社区矫正工作的深入发展与推进,作为司法体制和工作机制改革的重要内容,对我国刑法加以进一步完善已成为必然的选择。对于《刑法修正案（八）》中确立的社区矫正制度有必要从立法上作进一步的完善：一是应当在刑法中明确社区矫正的执行主体为司法行政机关;二是应当在刑法中明确社区矫正的适用范围为目前试行中的＂五种人＂,即被判处管制、被宣告缓刑、被暂予监外执行、被裁定假释以及被剥夺政治权利并在社会上服刑的五种罪犯;三是应当在刑法中确立社区矫正前的社会调查制度,明确调查评估主体和社会调查报告的内容及在刑事司法中的作用。     

Rape Shield Laws and Sexual Behavior Evidence: Effects of Consent Level and Women’s Sexual History on Rape Allegations

Rape shield laws, which limit the introduction of sexual history evidence in rape trials, challenge the view that women with extensive sexual histories more frequently fabricate charges of rape than other women. The present study examined the relationship between women's actual sexual history and their reporting rape in hypothetical scenarios. Female participants (college students and a community sample, which included women working as prostitutes and topless dancers, and women living in a drug and alcohol rehabilitation center) imagined themselves in dating scenarios that described either a legally definable act of rape or consensual sexual intercourse. Additionally, within the rape scenarios, level of consensual intimate contact (i.e., foreplay) preceding rape was examined to determine its influence on rape reporting. Women were less likely to say that they would take legal action in response to the rape scenarios if they had extensive sexual histories, or if they had consented to an extensive amount of intimate contact before the rape. In response to the consensual sexual intercourse scenarios, women with more extensive sexual histories were not more likely to say that they would report rape, even when the scenario provided them with a motive for seeking revenge against their dating partner.     

论弱势群体的界定——兼论弱势群体保护制度与社会保障制度的区别

弱势群体保护问题的理论基础在于保障人的实质平等权和发展权,社会保障制度则以保障生存权为基础;弱势群体首先是一个社会学范畴,它泛指那些在实现基本权利的手段上面临困难最大的群体;鉴于社会保障制度和弱势群体保护制度在制度理念、基本原则和保护对象上存在差异,因此,社会保障对象与弱势群体是两个不同的范畴,二者范围不同。     

Charging children with child pornography – Using the legal system to handle the problem of “sexting”

No one would disagree that the purposes and aims of child pornography laws are legitimate and necessary. Recently, however, these laws, which have the ostensible aim of protecting children, are instead being used to punish children and dissuade the new phenomenon of “sexting” in the United States. “Sexting” refers to the use of mobile phones with built-in cameras to produce and distribute images of oneself in a sexually provocative or revealing position. The potential danger that this trend poses to minors is huge. Photographs produced by the use of “sexting” can be distributed to unintended third parties, often leading to embarrassment and harassment. Moreover, senders are also in danger of being charged with possession and distribution of child pornography, regardless of the fact that they are minors and the pictures are often of themselves. Not only is charging minors with child pornography a rather new phenomenon, it also appears to be a strategy that several states are adopting. This paper will look at the growing trend of charging minors who engage in “sexting” with child pornography charges by a case study of an actual prosecution, what the consequences of such a conviction entails in the United States, legislative responses, and an analysis of the appropriateness of using the legal system as a way of dealing with this problem.     

论表达自由的界限（上）——从比较法、特别是普通法的视角切入

表达自由是自由社会的人们享有的一项带有普遍性的、根本性的权利,通常表现为宪法或法律规定的权利。鉴于各国政治和法律体制以及文化环境之不同,人们享有该项权利的普遍性和充分性存在很多差别,因此,可从比较法,特别是普通法的角度关注该项根本权利的行使及对其设定的界限和施加的限制,集中展示强加这等界限或限制的法理学说、理据以及方法和途径,并分析提出具有普遍意义的结论。     

知情权与信息获取权——以英美为比较法基础的概念界分

知情权与信息获取权是两个不同的概念,在我国行政法学界有被混淆的倾向。以英美为基础的比较法视野看,两者在逻辑结构、规范表述和制度印证层面,都有着不同的特质。这对概念的界分,已然构成其信息自由立法理念的奠基。以此来反思概念混淆对我国现行《政府信息公开条例》在规范结构、立法理念和制度建构中的可能影响。并以概念界分为契机,指向未来更为完善的政府信息公开立法。     

对弱势群体的政策支持刍议——以武汉市A区实施分散按比例安排残疾人就业政策为例

关注弱势群体,给予弱势群体必要的政策支持是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。残疾人属于弱势群体,因此,政府有责任通过多方位、多角度的政策支持促进其就业,增强其平等参与社会生活的积极性和创造性。本文通过对武汉市A区分散按比例安排残疾人就业政策的实施、政策实施的成效及存在的问题进行分析,在此基础上提出政策优化建议。     

论劳动者的罢工权

在法律上承认和规范劳动者的罢工权,防止非法罢工,不仅有利于劳动者劳动权益的维护,也有利于社会的稳定。罢工权不是孤立的,劳动法领域中的罢工权,是劳动者的一项劳动权利,是劳动者集体劳动权的重要组成部分,与劳动者组织工会的权利（团结权）、集体谈判的权利密不可分。劳动者享有法律所保护的合法罢工权。罢工基于维护劳动者的合法权益,局限于劳动关系领域,并要符合法律规定的程序。在法律上确立劳动者享有合法的罢工权后,如何保护依法罢工的劳动者的利益是法律必须面对和解决的重要问题,也是关系到劳动者罢工权是否能真正享有的保障。为了维护劳动者的权益,法律应当赋予劳动者罢工权,但当罢工影响到社会公共秩序的时候,罢工权就应该受到限制。     

城市地下空间开发之立法初探

我国城市发展速度不断加快,土地利用与土地资源的稀缺性之间的矛盾日益加剧,城市地下空间开发利用已经成为不争的事实。在土地平面开发模式逐渐转变为立体开发模式的过程中,地下空间的开发利用及其使用权管理相关的诸多问题没有被妥善处理,尚欠缺系统的城市规划法律规范。笔者基于我国城市地下空间开发利用之法律缺陷,借鉴国外城市地下空间的立法经验,拟对开发我国城市地下空间的立法提出建议。     

公共危机与领导干部危机公关能力的提升

公共危机事件频繁发生是由多方原因导致的,解决这一问题的根本出路是实施公共危机管理,公共危机管理最核心的部分是提升领导干部的危机公关能力。为此,必须提高领导干部掌握危机公关的策略、方法和技巧,提高公共危机预测和善于正确处理公共危机事件的能力,以保证社会的和谐与稳定。