农村基层民主政治建设中的问题及对策

在农村基层民主政治建设中 ,还存在民主政治氛围不浓 ,实施领域不广 ,制度未建立健全 ,实施程序不够明确 ,没有规范 ;有民主自由化苗头。农村基层民主政治建设存在问题的主要原因 :干部群众对有关概念似是而非 ,干部的家长制或变相家长制作风仍然存在 ,群众民主参与意识不强 ,文化素养和民主水平不高 ,上级对基层指导不力。要搞好农村基层民主政治建设 ,必须提高干部和农民的素质 ,营造良好氛围 ;不断丰富和发展建设内容 ;规范程序和方法 ;实现法律化、制度化 ;充分发挥党组织的领导核心作用。     

中国共产党在农村社会变革中的功能考察

中国共产党执政后，对农村进行了彻底改造，其功能的发挥可称为“创势”，在此过程中其执政党的功能得以空前发挥，在取得巨大成绩的同时也经历了很大的挫折。对于挫折的反思促使中国共产党开始了顺应农民意愿的改革，其功能的发挥可称为“顺势”。随着“三农”问题的凸显，农村改革进入攻坚阶段，中国共产党提出了社会主义新农村建设，其功能的发挥可称为“引势”。     

二元经济结构下农村剩余劳动力转移的对策思考

随着二元经济结构的形成,我国产生了大量的农村剩余劳动力。应通过推进城市化进程,发展非农产业,促进农村经济发展,改善农村教育转变二元经济结构,推动农村剩余劳动力转移。     

农村道路交通事故之科学预防

农村道路交通参与者安全意识淡薄,缺乏必要的交通安全知识,人、车、路、环境及信息等要素不协调,是农村交通事故高发、致死率较高的重要原因。科学预防农村道路交通事故,需要重视交通安全文化建设,提高参与者素质、改善交通环境;充分发挥各级政府的宏观调控作用,构建农村道路交通安全社会化管理体系;完善农村道路交通安全管理日常工作制度,建立标本兼治的长效管理机制。     

农村群体性事件的现状及预防对策

近年来，我国农村群体性事件呈现出类型趋广，暴力性和破坏性增强；参与人员多，涉及范围大；多有组织性；具有明显的利益性；参与者情绪和行为方式日趋激烈。其形成的具有经济和政治的多种诱因。鉴此，应从加快农村改革步伐，重视农民利益；加强宣传教育，构筑和谐的社会环境；及时掌握情况，主动化解不稳定因素；加强村级班子建设，努力推进农村民主政治建设；公安机关要充分发挥自身职能作用，正确适用法律武器等多方面寻求预防对策。     

首都农村卫生室民事主体类型研究

在我国，民事主体通常包括自然人、法人和非法人组织，国家只有在特殊情况下才可成为民事主体。囿于首都农村卫生室自身的诸多特性，目前很难将其纳入到上述四种类型，而这一重要问题却长期受到卫生法学界的忽视，迄今仍是亟待研究的领域，因为只有将其具体的民事主体类型厘定之后，方可清晰地把握民事责任的承担主体和承担范围。     

Same law–same rights? Analyzing why Sweden's disability legislation failed to create equal rights in mental health

This article analyzed the apparent paradox of disability rights in Sweden. Despite strong welfare state traditions and stated Government ambitions to create generous statutory entitlements for all disabled people using a single, comprehensive Disability Act, psychiatric disabilities were principally excluded from the Disability Act's rights and provisions. The study focused on Sweden's Mental Health Reform and Disability Reform using governance perspectives that traced and analyzed the policy-processes of both reforms. Theoretically guided analytical frameworks were developed to help understand the divergent reform outcomes. The first focused on legislative arguments of regulatory specificity and legal enforcement mechanisms to consider whether the Disability Act was formulated in a manner that was easier to apply to certain disabilities. The second analyzed ideological arguments and the influence of Government political beliefs that signaled specific reform ‘visions’ to implementers and thereby influenced policy implementation. The main findings are that both perspectives matter as the dual influences of legislative and ideological differences tended to exclude mental health service users from the Act's generous disability rights. The overall conclusion was that while legislation was an important regulatory mechanism, the Government's underlying ideological reform vision was also an essential governance instrument that signaled Government intentions to implementing agencies and thus influenced the creation of enduring disability rights.     

北伐军兴 八桂子弟成“钢军”——广西子弟兵在北伐战争中的突出贡献

20世纪初,风起云涌的大革命来临,八桂子弟兵演绎了光荣的北伐历程,被誉为北伐＂钢军＂。新桂系为促成北伐,对广州国民政府进行了积极而主动的斡旋。北伐军兴,八桂首举义兵入湘告捷,当居首功;从长沙直捣武昌,攻城略地,八桂子弟勇冠三军;八桂子弟入赣＂三连捷＂并大破孙传芳劲旅,使孙传芳一举歼灭北伐军的西进战略成为泡影。     

Crucial Factors in Implementing Radical Policy Change: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Nordic Central Agency Relocation Programs

Abstract

Why do public policies succeed or fail? The aim of this article is to contribute to answering this enduring research question in policy research through a comparative study of the variable efforts by Nordic governments to relocate their central agencies from the capital regions over a period of several decades. This was a radical redistributive policy program premised on a policy instrument – coercion – which was very alien to political systems characterized as consensual democracies. Hence, it is no surprise that only two out of seven relocation programs of any substance were successful. The really intriguing research question here is how any relocation program was achievable at all in a policy context where this was very unlikely. A broadly based multi-theoretical analytical framework linking interest groups, institutions, human agency in the form of policy entrepreneurship/design and situational factors is employed to solve this research puzzle. Findings from this study offer important contributions to the following research fields: comparative public policy, radical policy change and most specifically the so-called third generation of public policy implementation research.     

Pedagogy of individual choice and female inmate reentry in the U.S. Southwest

Much of the mental health, substance use, and educational programming within a particular women's prison in the southwestern United States promotes individual choice and agency. Incarcerated women from rural areas are told that their ability to succeed outside of prison is primarily dependent upon their personal choices. Comparably little attention is given to preparing women for their upcoming release or to overcoming structural barriers that could undermine successful reentry within rural communities. As a result, these returning citizens, many of whom grapple with mental illness and alcohol or drug dependence, blame themselves for their inability to surmount these barriers. In this qualitative research, we draw upon the perspectives of 99 incarcerated women to clarify how ideologies of individual choice promulgated in reentry pedagogy clash with contextual factors within rural communities to derail the reentry process. We also consider community reentry from Amartya Sen's capabilities framework and discuss how this model could inform needed interventions.