我国农村地区突出的社会治安问题及其防治对策

建设社会主义新农村和发展农村经济需要稳定的社会治安为其保驾护航。目前,我国农村社会治安总体上基本稳定,但是,在部分农村地区也存在一些社会治安问题,这些问题的存在严重影响了我国农村地区的稳定和经济发展。公安机关作为维护社会治安的主力军,必须提高农村维稳工作重要性的认识,加强农村地区思想文化建设和法制教育,加大农村公安派出所建设力度和推行农村社区警务,充分利用农村社会治安资源,对农村社会治安实行综合治理。     

地方政府或有隐性负债问题研究--以农村合作基金会为例

20世纪的80年代末到90年代初,我国农村合作基金会经历了从兴起、发展到衰败的全过程.尽管农村合作基金会作为一种非正规金融组织从形式上已经消失,但随着时间的推移,由此而引发的地方政府或有隐性负债及财政风险问题却愈加突出.通过详述农基会的发展历史,分析了农村合作基金会及其债务形成的主要原因,并根据汉娜的"政府风险矩阵"理论分析农村合作基金会及其债务对地方政府及其财政带来的影响,进而提出增强地方政府财政风险意识、减少非理性行政干预和推动农村金融体制改革的建议.     

Economic voting in Sweden 1985–2010

Despite the fact that Sweden has the world’s second longest time-series of national election Studies, the standard model of micro-level economic voting has only been occasionally applied in Sweden. This study presents a long-term perspective on economic voting in Sweden and analyzes to what extent economic perceptions influence governmental support in general elections in Sweden at the eight latest parliamentary elections, 1985--2010. To this end, this article makes use of the rolling two-wave panels of the Swedish national election studies and estimates the probability of voting for the government depending on economic perceptions, previous vote, ideology and a set of SES controls. The results show that Swedish voting behaviour is no exception to that of most western democracies; subjective economic evaluations of the Swedish economy systematically influence government support. If voters feel the economy is improving they are more likely to vote for the incumbent government than when they feel the economy is getting worse.     

A losing gamble. How mainstream parties facilitate anti-immigrant party success

The emergence of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe has provoked very different responses from mainstream parties. Some have tried to counter the anti-immigrant parties while others have tried to recapture lost voters by taking a tougher stance on immigration. Country comparative studies have tried to determine the effectiveness of different strategies, but systematic testing has been impaired by small-n problems. This paper therefore exploits sub-national variation in 290 Swedish municipalities to investigate the effect of mainstream party strategy on anti-immigrant electoral success. The paper finds that a tougher stance on immigration on the part of mainstream parties is correlated with more anti-immigrant party support, even when controlling for a large number of socio-economic, historical and regional factors. This result indicates that mainstream parties legitimize anti-immigrant parties by taking a tougher position on immigration. However, the results presented in the paper show that it is not sufficient for one mainstream party to take a tougher position; it is only when the entire political mainstream is tougher on immigration that the anti-immigrant party benefits. What is more, the toughness of the parties on the left seems to be more legitimizing than the toughness of the parties on the right.     

基于社会性别的劳动力迁移与农村留守老人的生活福利——基于劳动力流入地和流出地的调查

大规模的劳动力外迁不仅加速了农村地区的老龄化,也给农村传统的家庭养老带来了深远的影响。利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所在安徽省巢湖农村地区进行的"安徽省老年人生活福利状况"的四期追踪调查数据和在广东省深圳市进行的"外来农村流动人口"抽样调查数据,同时面向农村人口流入地和流出地,基于社会性别视角,研究农村劳动力外迁对农村留守老人生活福利的影响。研究表明,目前的农村家庭养老表现出传统和变革共存的特征;子女外迁给农村老年父母的生活福利带来双面影响,使得老年人获得的经济支持增加的同时,也造成了对老年人的生活照料和情感支持的减少,加重了老年人照料孙子女的负担,影响了老年人的健康福利;子女在城市外出务工带来了传统孝文化的弱化,但女儿的养老功能得以增强,长期低生育率条件下发生的大规模农村人口流动使得传统依靠儿子养老的家庭养老模式开始发生转变。本文最后探讨了在劳动力外流背景下政府提高农村留守老人生活福利的政策建议。     

私法在乡村治理法治化中的独特功能

针对如何构建乡村治理体系所涉法治,既有研究多围绕《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》等公法展开,故存在不足,亟待考察私法能否发挥某些独特功能。鉴于公法在培养村民的基本法治意识上存在一定的不足,同时,村民与私法的现实联系更为密切,尤其是考虑到私法严格奉行“私法自治”根本原则,由该原则所引申的“私法自治”“合法私利”以及“德法融合”等重要法治意识,不但有益于培养村民的基本法治意识,而且将极大促进在乡村治理进程中,对相通的、根本性的村民法治意识的良好培养。     

论新形势下实现农村公安工作走群众路线的有效形式

创建以“乡村110”报警服务为网络,以驻村警务室为支撑点的新型警务机制,极大地调动了广大群众参与群防群治的积极性,创造性地促进了“打、防、控”长效机制的建设,在防范、打击犯罪和服务群众三方面都取得了显著成效     

The Impact of Officer and Agency Characteristics on the Likelihood of Arrest in Domestic Violence Situations among Rural Law Enforcement Officers

Domestic violence cuts across all demographic groups. The factors related to why police officers arrest in some domestic violence situations but not others have been often studied. Little research, however, has been conducted on the arrest views of rural police officers. One hundred seventy line officers in six rural Midwestern counties were surveyed to determine the impact of officer personal characteristics and agency type on arrest decisions in various hypothetical domestic violence scenarios. First, the same situational factors appeared to be important in shaping the arrest decision in domestic violence calls of rural officers as have previously been found with urban officers. Second, the characteristics of officers and the type of agency had some impact on the likelihood of arrest, particularly if there was evidence of a physical assault. Third, the presence of evidence of a physical assault helped shape the arrest decisions of rural officers. Fourth, situational factors were more important than officer characteristics and the type of agency. Nancy Hogan and Shannon Barton contributed equally to the paper. The authors thank Janet Lambert for editing and proofreading the paper. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions.     

越南农村地区环境问题:现状及解决措施

越南农村地区面临着环境污染问题,越南政府已颁布了多项环境保护政策和措施以有效保护环境和促进农村的可持续发展。这些政策包括:提高人口素质、减少贫困、增加农村基础设施投入、扶助农村和农村家庭经济发展、环境保护,以及保障清洁水供应、提高农村环境卫生质量、修建畜牧业沼气站、建立生态示范村、鼓励新鲜食品生产和采取有效措施应对气候变化等。     

陕北农业资源开发中管理体制与相关机制研究

陕北作为我国生态环境较为恶劣的地区,农业资源开发在经济和社会发展中具有特殊的意义。因此,我们必须以科学的发展观,切实贯彻中央实行农业结构战略性调整的方针,坚持经济效益、生态效益相结合的原则,实施可持续发展战略,建立与市场经济体制相适应的开发机制。