Imprisonment and co-offending: results from a 10-year follow-up study

A recurring question in criminological research is whether prisoners meet new accomplices in prison. This article’s objective is to study co-offending among individuals who have served prison sentences. The frequency of co-offending among individuals who have been in the same prison at the same time will be examined. If gender, age, type of prison, offence type and prior experience of co-offending are significant for this type of co-offending will also be examined. The study population comprised all inmates released from a Swedish prison during a half year in 2001–2002 (n = 3.930). The follow-up period is 10 years. The results show that only 3% of those who have been in the same prison at the same time are suspected of committing offences together subsequent to release. The likelihood of being suspected of committing an offence together following the conclusion of a joint stay in the same prison is higher for those released from a closed prison who are aged 31–40, and who had committed large proportion of their offences together with others prior to the relevant prison sentence. The results suggest that the concept of criminal capital is not important for future co-offending after a joint stay in prison.     

University students’ support to penalty enhancement for hate crime

Laws enabling penalty enhancement for crimes motivated by hostility or prejudice, i.e. hate crimes, have become common in many countries. However, laws as a measure against hate crimes have been contested, because their deterrent effect has gained none or little support in the (limited) literature, and they may be considered symbolic rather than deterrent. This study investigates attitudes towards penalty enhancement for hate crimes. Previous empirical investigations of this question are scarce. The material consists of a survey targeting nearly 3000 Swedish university students. Support for penalty enhancement for hate crime was moderate, shown by one third of the total sample. Results supported the premise that students belonging to a minority group, assumed to be at risk of hate crime victimization, agree to a higher extent of penalty enhancement than students belonging to the majority. Previous victimization experiences and worrying about being victimized were not significantly related to punitive attitudes. However, respondents who perceived the risk of victimization to be increased for minority groups in general were more likely to support penalty enhancement for hate crime. Findings should be confirmed in a nationally representative sample since the public’s perspective on the criminal justice system is important for understanding and dealing with the social problem of hate crime.     

论推进城市化进程与新农村建设的有机结合

在我国城市化过程中,我们要推进城市化进程与新农村建设的有机结合。在推动城乡良性互动与统筹发展的政策选择上,我们要做到：统筹城乡生产力布局,统筹城乡基础设施建设,统筹城乡经济发展,充分发挥政府在推动城乡良性互动与统筹发展中的作用。     

人类学视野下的汉族民间巫术研究——以宁夏南部汉族的“送病消灾”巫术为例

巫术作为民间信仰的一个重要组成部分,在我国的一些乡村社会中仍然普遍存在,并且影响着人们的日常生活、价值观念和思维方式。普遍存在于宁夏南部乡村社会的“送病消灾”就是如此,它是当地乡村文化的主要组成部分。以人类学的研究视角来看,这种民间巫术是人鬼之间、人神之间沟通的主要渠道,具有深刻的文化内涵。     

构建农村社区警务战略的思考

中国农村的警务建设是公安体制改革的重要内容。借鉴国外和国内部分城市的成功经验,充分发挥农村的资源与文化优势,构建农村社区警务模式,是农村警务改革的有益尝试。     

农村城镇化与制度创新

我国农村城镇化进程中不可避免地出现了一些问题。从理论和实践的结合上弄清农村城镇化推进与制度的关系,从制度创新入手解决问题,是走中国特色城镇化道路的现实选择。     

浅析传统文化对农村生态环境保护的作用

传统文化对农村生态环境保护具有重要的作用,主要体现在六个方面：其一,传统文化有利于丰富农村环境保护知识;其二,传统文化有利于建立农村生态环境保护自治组织;其三,传统文化有利于积累农村社区社会资本;其四,传统文化有利于制定农村环境保护部门的政策;其五,传统文化有利于增强农村居民的环境保护意识;其六,传统文化有利于提高农村的生态效益。     

婚姻市场要价:理解农村婚姻交换现象的一个框架

本文基于各地农村大量的婚姻现象,抽象出婚姻市场要价这一理解当前农村婚姻交换的理论框架。该理论以农村人口流动中婚姻市场形成与农村婚姻资源配置的结构性失衡为背景,阐述了婚姻财礼的性质,以及婚姻市场中女方要价的可欲性、可能性与基础性,论述了男方婚姻负担的表现形态,并呈现了婚姻变迁所带来的一系列社会后果。     

转型时期的农民工住房问题——一种政策过程的视角

从政策过程的视角论述农民工住房问题纳入国家政策层面的可行性,可为解决农民工住房问题提供政策方向。本文从杜布林冲突的系统分析模型出发,建构“黑匣子”公共政策过程分析模型,并运用成本-收益分析、政府分权理论等,从政策执行的角度来检验政策方案。通过政策输入过程分析,识别形成农民工住房问题的实质因素,并分析农民工住房问题转变为政策问题的实践约束条件。通过对政策执行约束条件的分析得出：农民工住房政策的逻辑起点不是农民工住房质量,而是附加在户籍制上的城乡二元体制结构。研究认为农民工住房问题本身无法作为良好的政策问题纳入中央政府决策范围。建立农民工住房保障体系并允许农民工有条件地享受城市住房保障政策,或直接取消城乡二元结构,都不是解决农民工住房问题的最优政策,但前者作为渐进的决策途径,还是有助于缓解社会转型矛盾的;政府应当制定改革户籍制的长远目标,并在此框架下坚持改革和创新,逐步实现住房保障的城乡一体化。     

家庭主要照顾者与我国老年人对社区服务需求的研究

通过分析2010年中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查的数据,本文探讨了家庭主要照顾者对我国城乡老年人社区服务需求的影响。主要照顾者被分为五类,即配偶、儿子、女儿、儿媳和其他人。配偶和儿子在我国城乡老年人照顾者中所占的比例最高;儿媳在农村老年人主要照顾者中占的比例较高。对各种社区服务有需求的农村老人的比例高于城市老人;城乡老年人对上门看病和上门护理服务需求最高。回归结果表明,被配偶和女儿照顾的城市老人对社区服务有需求的可能性较小;被女儿照顾的农村老人对社区服务有需求的可能性较低。这说明被不同照顾者照料的老年人对社区服务的需求有显著差异;被儿子、儿媳和其他人照料的老年人很可能是今后我国老年社区服务的主要对象。