Data Protection: An Opening Door?

Swedish public law has incorporated a general rule of public access to documents, and to information in the wider sense, since the Freedom of the Press Act of 1766. On the Community level, the relationship between Regulation (EC) 45/2001 on data protection and Regulation (EC) 1049/2001 on public access to documents exemplifies the tension between the public's interest in scrutinising the administration carried on in its name, and the integrity of the individual. However, a similar tension exists between Sweden's Personal Data Act of 1998, implementing Directive 95/46, and the Freedom of the Press Act. A misuse model of data protection law, by seeking to concentrate on serious rather than technical infringements of privacy, might serve to ease the tension. The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and are not attributable to any Community institution. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Managing commercial risks in open source software licensing

Legal context: The article reviews the commercial risk allocation clauses intypical open source licence terms and discusses their enforceabilityand implications. Key points: The enforceability of warranty disclaimers and limitation ofliability clauses in common open source licence terms is questionable,particularly in a cross-border context, and commercial licensorsshould take additional steps to protect themselves from down-streamrisks. Practical significance: Open source software presents a number of unusual commercialissues, because it is available free of charge and the providerstry to disclaim warranties and liabilities. End users and resellershave to adjust their own in- and out-licensing models to accommodatethis situation.     

DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics: Recommendations on the interpretation of mixtures

The DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) was convened at the 21st congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics held between 13 and 17 September in the Azores, Portugal. The purpose of the group was to agree on guidelines to encourage best practice that can be universally applied to assist with mixture interpretation. In addition the commission was tasked to provide guidance on low copy number (LCN) reporting. Our discussions have highlighted a significant need for continuing education and research into this area. We have attempted to present a consensus from experts but to be practical we do not claim to have conveyed a clear vision in every respect in this difficult subject. For this reason, we propose to allow a period of time for feedback and reflection by the scientific community. Then the DNA commission will meet again to consider further recommendations.     

海南黎族群体14个STR基因座遗传多态性

STR基因座是建立DNA数据库首选遗传标记,建库需要针对目标人群做了大量的基因频率调查,本文作者应用公安部物证鉴定中心研发的DNATyperTM15试剂盒,对345个海南黎族无关个体14个基因座进行了调查。1材料与方法样本345份无关个体血样取自看守所内在押海南黎族人,采指尖末梢静脉血滴于滤纸上,阴干保存。DNA提取全部345份检材均选用Chelex-100法提取DNA[1]。复合扩增应用公安部物证鉴定中心研发的DNATyperTM15试剂盒,对14基因座进行复合PCR扩增。扩增体系为B ffer 2.0μl,10×primer 1.0μl,Taq酶0.2μl,灭菌水5.8μl,模板DNA 1.0…     

妨碍信用卡管理罪行为方式探析

在妨害信用卡管理罪中,行为人明知其持有、运输的是"伪造的信用卡"或"伪造的空白信用卡"是一种对行为对象的明知,行为人虽然对"伪造的信用卡"和"伪造的空白信用卡"施加了影响,因为其不具有合法性,与刑法所保护的信用卡管理秩序也就不存在必然的本质与现象的联系,也就不能反映和体现信用卡管理秩序,因而是行为对象而不是犯罪对象.伪造居民身份证的行为与以骗领信用卡方式实施的妨害信用卡管理的行为之间构成手段与目的牵连关系,但由于刑法明确规定这种情况以妨害信用卡管理罪定罪处罚,因而虽然是牵连犯,但不能适用从一重处断的原则,而应按刑法的有关规定处罚,这是牵连犯处断原则的例外.     

交通事故的灰色预测模型及其实证研究

灰色系统理论中的灰色预测模型，论述了交通事故系统的灰色性，并采用GM（1，1）灰色预测模型对交通事故进行实证研究。根据某地区交通事故的统计数据建立灰色动态数列预测模型。灰色预测模型是一个微分方程，称为GM模型（GREY MODEL）。GM（1，1）则是1阶的，1个变量的微分方程型模型，这种模型与数理统计的方法比较，求解较易，计算量小，精度较高。     

宪法与刑事诉讼法关系模式的发展趋势--紧密型关系模式的普遍化

由于宪政的深入发展、刑事诉讼中权力与权利关系冲突的日益加剧、人本主义的滥觞、法律形态的程序化等方面的原因,宪法与刑事诉讼法关系变得更加紧密,世界范围内正逐渐形成紧密型关系模式的普遍化趋势.     

氯霉素残留伏安免疫测试法的电化学条件

在间接竞争ELISA的基础上,建立了以碱性磷酸酶(ALP)-对硝基苯磷酸(pNPP)为反应体系的检测氯霉素(CAP)残留的伏安免疫方法,并对此法的电化学条件进行了详细的探讨。结果,在0.2 mol/L的B-R电解质溶液(pH3.0)中,当扫描速度为50 mV/s时,伏安法对硝基苯酚(PNP)的灵敏度最佳;且在1.2V处,该物质具有良好的氧化峰形。用此法测试CAP的检测下限达到0.064 ng/mL,检测线性范围为0.15~600 ng/mL。     

An Analysis of the Joint Board or County Model as the Structural Basis for Effective Australian Local Governance

Australian policy‐makers continue to rely on municipal amalgamation as the main engine of structural reform in local government, despite strong evidence that it diminishes participation and representation without improving service efficiency. Several promising, but neglected alternative models of structural reform have been developed, including ad hoc resource sharing models, Regional Organisations of Councils, virtual local government, and agency models. In an encouraging response to the recent policy of enforced council amalgamations in NSW, the Shires Association of NSW (2004) has recently proposed a ‘Joint Board model’ of local governance and invited comment on this model. This article takes up this challenge and seeks to place the Joint Board model in conceptual context and evaluate its characteristics and simulated cost savings.     

论警察出庭作证制度

完善我国司法制度,建立警察出庭作证制度是必要的;在我国现行法律体制下,警察出庭作证制度尚未形成。我们应根据国际法则与我国实际情况建立适合本国国情的警察出庭作证制度。