对道路交通事故侵权责任归责原则的比较分析

我国关于道路交通事故处理归责原则经历了一个漫长的发展过程,2004年颁布实施的道路交通安全法第76条可以看作是一个阶段性总结,但该条在2007年又被修改。前者以无过失责任为基础,后者则根据我国发展现状、借鉴国际通行的多元化规则体系,对原第76条进行修正。具有一定的进步性,但由于立法者认识的局限,仍存在一定的不足。     

刑法修订对监狱工作的影响及对策思考

作为一次里程碑式的刑法修订,刑法修正案（八）对社会的方方面面产生了很大的影响。监狱作为刑罚执行机关,刑法修订无疑将对其监狱管理工作产生巨大影响,尤其是重刑犯监狱,面临的改造罪犯难度和安全防范压力将会加大。为确保刑法修正案（八）实施产生良好的预期社会效果,监狱的建设和保障必须及时跟进,同时监狱民警也需加强自身建设,积极适应政策、法律调整的需要,推进监管安全基础建设,不断提高监狱执法和管理水平。     

Devolved Functions in Government: Some Realities

Devolvement of functions to quangos and Departmental Agencies has been a marked feature of reform in government since 1970, accelerated by the ‘Next Steps’ initiative (1987–90). Its effects in terms of performance, costs and disengagement from related government activity are discussed by reference to experiences in the management of two large quangos created after 1970, the Manpower Services and Health and Safety Commissions and their Executives. Some general lessons are drawn for present application, and the discussion seeks also to expose realities and difficulties in the management of public bodies that are often overlooked in theoretical argument. It acknowledges the advantages of devolvement, but points to serious limitations in the ‘owner–agency’ model when applied to public business, arising from powerful centralising forces, rapid changes in political aims, the cardinal requirement for economy, and shifting needs for lateral co‐operation across the government sector.     

Regulatory Impact Assessment: How political and organizational forces influence its diffusion in a developing country

Regulatory Impact Assessments (RIAs) are being diffused progressively throughout the world following the recommendations of international organizations. Research has shown that the diffusion of RIA has not produced convergence in actual practices, particularly in developing countries, due to political forces at work in domestic contexts or the available organizational capacities. The Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) has recently recommended that the Brazilian federal government adopt RIA. This article evaluates how contextual variables, specifically political and organizational ones, influence RIA adoption in Brazil. It is based on field research consisting of semi‐structured interviews with the main stakeholders of the Brazilian regulatory framework. The research explored RIA concept familiarity among stakeholders, the bureaucratic context, the policy process, pivotal stakeholders' standpoints in adopting RIA, and available organizational capacities. Contrary to previous studies in developing countries, the research reveals that strong organizational capacities are not a sufficient factor for successful diffusion of RIA, because political variables can influence divergence among agencies in future RIA practices.     

养阴润肠方治疗慢性传输型便秘32例

目的 观察养阴润肠方治疗慢性传输型便秘临床疗效。方法 符合纳入标准的32例慢性传输型便秘患者,使用养阴润肠方治疗3个疗程,每个疗程7 d,分别记录治疗前、2个疗程后、3个疗程后、停药1个月后便秘患者生活质量自评量表（patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire, PAC-QOL）评分及Cleveland便秘评分。结果 治疗结束时治愈17例,显效8例,有效4例,无效3例,总有效率为90.6％。治疗前后PAC-QOL比较,在治疗2个疗程后、3个疗程后、停药1个月后,生理积分、担忧度积分、满意度积分、总分均显著减少（P＜0.01）;3个疗程后、停药1个月后,心理积分显著减少（P＜0.01）;与治疗前比较,治疗2个疗程后、3个疗程后、停药1个月后Cleveland评分均显著减少（P＜0.01）。结论 养阴润肠方治疗慢性传输型便秘在全身整体性调节和提高生活质量等方面疗效确切。     

用课堂评估优化公安英语教学

课堂评估在公安英语教学实践中有重要作用。为保证课堂评估的顺利进行,教师要转变观念,鼓励学生积极参与,并对学生的回答给出应有的评价。     

The challenge of assessing governance in Asian states: Hong Kong in the Worldwide Governance Indicators ranking

As countries in Asia work towards achieving development, the state of governance emerged as a benchmark for them. Assessing governance is an important exercise because a country’s image is influenced by its position in world rankings which plays a role in decisions by the international community regarding aid and trade. The methodology adopted in preparing the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) rankings underlines the preference for some values that are dominant in Western liberal democratic systems. This places Asian states at a disadvantage as other traditional values are ignored in assessing the state of governance. This article examines the methods and criteria of the WGI with reference to the case of Hong Kong. An overview of the critiques of WGI and analysis of the scores awarded to Hong Kong reveal the challenge of assessing governance across countries with the same instrument without taking into consideration the context of the units. The article argues that there is a need for developing alternative criteria for accommodating indigenous institutional structures, processes, and practices to ensure that Asian countries can benefit from the desired values of governance and help overcome the partial picture of governance that emerges in the WGI.     

DNA数据库比对技术在刑事侦查中运用的合宪性问题

DNA数据库比对技术实质上是基因检测技术和大数据处理技术相结合的产物。DNA数据库比对技术可以精确锁定犯罪嫌疑人,由于其强大的证明能力而被广泛地运用于刑事侦查,各国都积极推动DNA数据库的建立。DNA数据库比对技术在维护了社会安全的同时也对公民基因隐私构成极大威胁。如何在技术的运用和隐私权保障之间做出更好的平衡,是DNA比对技术的合宪性争议的中心。廓清了合宪性问题,我们才可以更好地制定相关法律,消弭合宪性问题,在保障公民隐私权的同时也更好地维护社会安全。     

脑卒中后吞咽障碍的针灸康复思路探析

针刺治疗结合康复训练对促进脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能的恢复、改善生命质量具有重要意义.中医辨证辨经相结合,吞咽功能及时筛查与系统评估相结合,整体察病,对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的全面评估及康复治疗有重要的指导意义.可根据吞咽分期五期模式分期论治:认知期阴阳失调,窍闭神匿,治神为本,取之督脉;口腔准备期和口腔期清窍失养,气...     

通督调神针刺法对血管性轻度认知障碍患者血清脑源性神经营养因子和血浆同型半胱氨酸的影响

目的观察通督调神针刺法对血管性轻度认知障碍患者的疗效,以及对血清脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neural nutrition factor,BDNF)、血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的影响。方法将61例血管性轻度认知障碍患者随机分为治疗组(31例)和对照组(30例),对照组患者口服药物多奈哌齐治疗2个月,治疗组除口服多奈哌齐外还予通督调神针刺法治疗4个疗程。采用简易智力状态检查(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)量表、蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)量表评价患者治疗前后认知水平变化,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清BDNF水平,循环酶法检测血浆Hcy水平。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者MMSE评分、MoCA评分均明显增加(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组MMSE和MoCA评分差值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后血清BDNF水平显著升高,血浆Hcy水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组血清BDNF水平升高程度、血浆Hcy水平降低程度均显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。两组基于MMSE评分的疗效比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论通督调神针刺能够提升血管性轻度认知功能障碍患者的认知功能评分,提高相关细胞因子的表达水平,降低相关危险因素的影响。