新时期公安侦查理论创新思考——以广东为视角

公安侦查理论创新是公安侦查工作发展与变革的先导;公安侦查理论创新是公安侦查工作创新体系中的关键环节;公安侦查理论创新必须与时俱进;公安侦查理论创新需要理论勇气。     

Fatalities Due to Indigenous and Exotic Species in Florida

Florida's climate is suitable for many potentially hazardous animals, including both indigenous and exotic species, which are frequently kept as in zoos or as pets. This has resulted in many unforeseen fatal encounters between animals and the ever expanding human population. While the literature and knowledge pool for more common types of deaths referred to medical examiner/coroner's offices is abundant, the appreciation of wildlife and exotic pet‐related deaths is far less widespread. We report seven animal attack‐related deaths that occurred in Florida. The inflicted injuries included blunt and sharp force injuries, asphyxia, drowning, and envenomation. The underlying cause of death, however, was always a result of the human/animal interaction and in many cases related to human error and failure to appreciate the potentially dangerous behavior of nondomesticated species. These cases illustrate the varied circumstances and pathophysiologies associated with deaths due to indigenous and exotic species and the importance of the multidisciplinary approach in the medicolegal investigation of these cases.     

法官澄清义务研究

法官澄清义务以发现客观真实为目的,以法官的积极作为为表现形式。澄清义务由法官对辩方的诉讼关照义务、对控方一定的释明权、法官庭上积极的查证责任,以及庭外调查取证责任组成。在我国现阶段研究澄清义务,有助于体现审判中心主义原则,扭转法官在庭审中不合理的倾向性,提高简易程序事实认定的准确性,保证法官变更诉讼罪名的合理性。未来澄清义务将强调协助性和补充性,淡化义务色彩,成为对被告权利的有力保障。我国法官履行澄清义务应作为检察机关履行证明责任的补充手段,在不改变原证据构造的前提下对存疑证据进行调查核实。法官应积极履行关照义务,特别是基本权利告知义务。辩方申请法官收集对己有利的证据,能够证明证据存在并提供取证线索的,法官应尽量允许。增加法官庭外调查言词证据的手段,强化检察机关和侦查机关配合法官取证的义务。     

论民事诉讼中自由证明的构建

自由证明作为与严格证明相对立的一种证明模式,体现了根据不同待证事实的特性采用不同证明方式的诉讼分流理念及价值,并已在较多国家得到广泛确立和适用。而我国目前的民事诉讼证明制度中尚未确立这一证明模式,理论界更是未对其引起足够的重视和研究,这就极大地限制了我国民事诉讼中证明制度的体系化和多元化构建。如何在我国民事诉讼的证明制度中合理构建自由证明制度,使其在证明待证事实中发挥自身应有的优势,逐步实现我国民事诉讼证明制度的体系化和多元化构建,从而为法院合理有效地认定待证事实提供一个更为高效、公正的制度环境是值得研究和探讨的问题。     

析视频监控在刑事诉讼中的作用

新的刑讼法颁布实施后对刑事技术提出了更高的要求,案件如何能破得了、诉得上、判得了、取证成了关键的环节。以往单一的现场痕迹物证显得相当无力,如何将现场痕迹物证与其他证据形成一个完整的证据链、在零口供的情况下将犯罪分子绳之以法是当前刑事技术发挥更大作用的突破口。视频资料是刑诉法规定的证据之一,其中视频监控资料与现场物证相结合就能为证实犯罪,案件审理提供完整的证据链。     

人权保障理念下职务犯罪侦查模式的转变——以新刑诉法实施后职务犯罪侦查为视角

职务犯罪侦查模式关系到对侦查权力的限制和对犯罪嫌疑人人权的保障。西方法治国家职务犯罪侦查模式通过合理规制犯罪控制程序来促使保障人权的做法,值得我们深思和借鉴。在新刑事诉讼法的框架下,检察机关应立足本土实际,以强化人权保障、有效打击犯罪为出发点,结合当前我国职务犯罪侦查模式的现状及问题,针对人权保障理念下如何实现职务犯罪侦查模式的转变,努力完善职务犯罪的侦查模式。     

Impunity or Punishment? An Analysis of Criminal Investigation into Kidnapping,Terrorism and Embezzlement in Colombia

This paper aims to identify the variables that contribute to explain the current ability of the Colombian criminal system to resolve cases of kidnapping, terrorism and embezzlement. In order to achieve this goal a sample of cold cases and sentenced files were analysed in three main cities of the country. The success of a criminal investigation was divided into three stages: a) the identification of at least one suspect per case; b) the accusation and putting on trial of the suspect; and c) his/her conviction. Econometric techniques were used to identify the criminal investigation variables associated to each of the three successes. Variables such as the evidence and investigative practices used by the judicial police, the attorneys and the courts were taken into account. The results of this study have important implications for criminal investigation and crime policy in Colombia and in the region.     

Android forensics: Automated data collection and reporting from a mobile device

In this research, a prototype enterprise monitoring system for Android smartphones was developed to continuously collect many data sets of interest to incident responders, security auditors, proactive security monitors, and forensic investigators. Many of the data sets covered were not found in other available enterprise monitoring tools. The prototype system neither requires root privileges nor the exploiting of the Android architecture for proper operation, thereby increasing interoperability among Android devices and avoiding a spyware classification for the system. An anti-forensics analysis on the system was performed to identify and further strengthen areas vulnerable to tampering. The contributions of this research include the release of the first open-source Android enterprise monitoring solution of its kind, a comprehensive guide of data sets available for collection without elevated privileges, and the introduction of a novel design strategy implementing various Android application components useful for monitoring on the Android platform.     

Following the transfer of DNA: How far can it go?

The issue of DNA transfer is becoming increasingly important in crime scene situations, as DNA analytical techniques now detect tiny amounts. Whereas primary and secondary DNA transfers have been well studied, subsequent transfer steps have received much less focus. This study aimed to measure the detectability of a DNA source after multiple transfer events. Transfer of wet blood gave a full genetic profile well beyond the secondary transfer events on both cotton and glass substrates. Dry blood gave a full profile well beyond the secondary transfer events on glass only, but to a lesser extent than wet blood. Touch DNA only produced a full profile on the primary substrate on both cotton and glass, and detectable quantities beyond the secondary transfer event on glass only. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of the tertiary and subsequent transfer of DNA, which will allow for improved evaluation of the likelihood of alternative scenarios explaining why an individual's DNA was found at a crime scene.     

优化司法职权配置的现状分析——以江苏法院为例

自党的十七大提出优化司法职权配置以来,江苏省各级法院积极行动,提高认识,采取措施,实践证明优化司法职权配置等司法改革在江苏法院已经或正在产生一定的效应。当然也存在一些问题,诸如法院职权受行政权制约无法有效运作,法院职权被地方化困扰不得摆脱羁绊等。这些问题之所以存在,是由其背后的具体原因决定的。必须审慎对待当前的司法矛盾,认真做好优化法院司法职权配置工作。