话语操控与安全化:一个理论分析框架

安全化理论是哥本哈根学派的核心理论,尽管它提出话语在安全化中具有核心作用,但是对于话语在安全化过程中的具体作用机制却缺乏详尽系统的阐述和解释。鉴于哥本哈根学派在这个方面论述的缺失,一个基于"话语操控"的安全化理论分析框架的提出在一定程度上可以对安全化过程中话语的作用机制做出较为系统和具体的阐述。此理论分析框架把安全化过程中的"言语行为"或"话语实践"具体操作化为话语突显、话语框定和话语定位三个变量,即安全化行为主体通过这三个变量的话语操控手段或过程来实现对某一问题安全化程度高低的控制。首先,为了使某个问题具有较高的安全化程度,安全化行为主体通过话语突显使问题得到较高的公众关注度,从而有助于问题被纳入安全议事日程之中。其次,获得公众对问题的关注度之后,安全化行为主体就需要通过话语框定对问题的性质、严重性和解决方案等予以界定和阐明,以进一步塑造公众对问题的认知图式并能动员公众参与的积极性。最后,通过话语定位对相关方进行定位以确定各自职责并确立其行为,不同的定位会产生不同的权利和职责,进而使行为体的行为产生差异。     

高等教育国际化背景下国内大学软环境建设的思考

高等教育国际化以一种不可抗拒的力量骤然兴起,要求大学重新审视自己的定位。大学综合实力由多重因素构成,而大学软环境作为大学的内在品质,更是推动大学持续、深入发展的根本性力量,也是高校竞争中更具有决定性的核心因素,对大学的生存和发展起着至关重要的作用。建设一流大学,不仅需要加大硬件投入,更需要采取切实可行的有效措施,精心培育一流的软环境。     

贯彻落实《党校工作条例》精神 进一步促进党校教学科研发展

为全面落实党的十七大确定的"继续大规模培训干部、大幅度提高干部素质"的战略任务,进一步做好新形势下的党校工作,中央颁发了<中国共产党党校工作条例>.<党校工作条例>反映了最近十几年来党校工作的新鲜经验,体现了党和国家事业发展对党校工作的新要求,是党校工作最重要的法规性文件,也是做好党校教学与科研工作的基本遵循.我省各级党校都必须认清我们面临的新形势与新任务,围绕特色,把握重点,努力开创党校教学与科研工作的新局面.     

Parental Aspirations for Their Children’s Educational Attainment: Relations to Ethnicity,Parental Education,Children’s Academic Performance,and Parental Perceptions of School Climate

This study examined parental aspirations for their children’s educational attainment in relation to ethnicity (African American, Asian, Caucasian, Hispanic), parental education, children’s academic performance, and parental perceptions of the quality and climate of their children’s school with a sample of 13,577 middle and high school parents. All parents had relatively high educational aspirations for their children, and within each ethnic subgroup, parental education and children’s academic performance were significantly and positively related to parental aspirations. However, moderating effects were found such that Caucasian parents with lower levels of education had significantly lower educational aspirations for their children than did parents of other ethnicities with similar low levels of education. Although the strength of the relationship between parental perceptions of school-related factors and parental aspirations for their children’s educational attainment was not strong, it was most predictive of non-Caucasian parental aspirations for their children.

Race,Context, and Privilege: White Adolescents’ Explanations of Racial-ethnic Centrality

This mixed-methods exploratory study examined the diverse content and situated context of White adolescents’ racial-ethnic identities. The sample consisted of 781 9th–12th grade White adolescents from three New England schools, which varied in racial and economic make-up. Open-ended responses provided a range of thematic categories regarding the importance of race-ethnicity to the adolescents’ identities, representing the diverse ideologies of White adolescents’ explanations, ranging from colorblind claims to ethnic pride. This study also found significant relationships between racial-ethnic identity importance (centrality) and parents’ education for White adolescents. These findings highlight the diversity of White adolescents’ understanding of their racial-ethnic identities and the importance of context in shaping racial-ethnic centrality.

Teachers as Builders of Respectful School Climates: Implications for Adolescent Drug Use Norms and Depressive Symptoms in High School

Positive school climates have been found to have favorable effects on adolescent health risk behaviors and mental health outcomes. However, the mechanisms by which teacher behavior may promote such effects in high schools have not been extensively studied. Based on social control theory and a social developmental-contextual model, it was predicted that by respecting students’ points of view and decision making capabilities, teachers can help build respectful school climates that encourage healthy norms of behavior. Structural equation modeling with a nationally representative sample of 476 youth ages 14–18 supported the model. Adolescents who reported higher teacher support and regard for student perspectives in their high schools were more likely to see their schools as having respectful climates and healthy norms of drug use which was associated with lower levels of personal drug use. Students in such schools also reported greater social belonging and fewer symptoms of depression.

Antecedents and Consequences of Psychiatric Disorders in African-American Adolescents

This study included three waves of data, collected from approximately 890 African-American children and their families. Antecedents and consequences of psychiatric disorders among this population were examined. Children’s temperament, pubertal timing, and experience of stressful life events were tested as antecedents of psychiatric disorders. Several aspects of school functioning were then tested as consequences of psychiatric disorders. In addition, children with a single psychiatric disorder and those with comorbid disorders were statistically compared. Results showed that (1) children with at least one disorder, compared to those with no disorder, exhibited significantly more difficult temperament, experienced puberty earlier, and underwent greater numbers of stressful life events; (2) those with at least one disorder had significantly poorer school outcomes than those with no disorder; (3) children with comorbid disorders, compared with those who had only one disorder, displayed lower educational aspirations and poorer school commitment.

中学生对学校体育需求的研究——以济南市为例

考查了中学生对学校体育需求的状况,并对性别差异进行了比较分析,目的是为中学学校体育课程改革提供理论和实践依据。结果发现:一是济南市中学生对学校体育课学习需求共有情意目标学习需求等五个维度,其中对运动能力发展需求最高,在认知目标学习需求维度上男生显著高于女生。二是济南市中学生对校内体育活动比赛需求共有情意目标学习需求等四个维度,且在体育活动规划需求和竞技特殊价值需求两个维度存在显著的性别差异,男生在体育活动规划需求平均数低于女生,在竞技特殊价值需求则高于女生。三是济南市学生,对校外体育活动比赛需求共有运动竞赛利益需求、学生辅导需求、竞赛规划需求和情意目标学习需求等四个维度,不同性别的学生,并无差异存在。     

A Systematic Evaluation of Restorative Justice Practices: School Violence Prevention and Response

ABSTRACT

Despite its increasing recognition and use in U.S. schools, a limited amount of research has evaluated the effect of restorative justice (RJ) for school violence prevention and response. To date, there is no standardized method for RJ implementation. Therefore, this systematic literature review investigates peer-reviewed studies on the application of RJ practices in K-12 school settings. Ten articles were included in the review. Results of the review indicate a high degree of variability regarding the implementation and evaluation of RJ practices in schools. However, the majority of studies reported positive outcomes, including improved social relationships and reductions in office discipline referrals. The utility of RJ as a school violence prevention and intervention approach are discussed, along with future research directions.     

Averted targeted school killings from 1900-2016

Mass shootings, particularly those that occur on school grounds, often generate intense political debate. Following the 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglass High School, questions arose on how to prevent these tragedies. Typically, the response generated from these questions revolves around mental illness, bullying prevention, and gun control. Unfortunately, the views on these topics, especially gun control, are often rooted in a strong belief system which is unwavering. Resultantly, the debate on how to avert these incidents often stops at the debate phase. This study sought to better understand how these events can be prevented by examining targeted school killings from 1900–2016 in which the suspect was stopped before the attack. The analysis revealed that the majority of attacks were prevented by other students reporting the threat of an impending attack to school and law enforcement authorities.