食品药品执法行刑联动机制影响因素量化分析——以上海市为实证研究对象

食品药品执法行刑联动机制是食品药品监管部门与刑事司法部门协调联动打击犯罪的工作机制。本文通过构建食品药品执法行刑联动能力的SEM结构方程模型，以上海市为实证研究对象开展问卷调查，获取数据，运用Lisrel软件对该模型进行验证性因子分析，获得最关键影响因素。基于实证研究结果，提出提升食品药品执法行刑联动能力的对策。     

毒品查缉方法应用综述

随着国内外毒品犯罪形势日趋严峻，在海关、机场、码头、车站等关键场所，为了实现毒品现场快速检验的目的，迅速确定和控制毒品犯罪，国内外的有关部门研制出多种便携式毒品快速检验装备，我国常用的有单项检验装置和综合型检验装置。现代化卫星监控技术也被用于发现毒源植物的种植情况。近年来，动物缉毒作为缉毒侦查的一种生物手段，在这个领域发挥着其他手段无法替代的作用。现在可以用以缉毒的动物有缉毒犬、缉毒猪、缉毒鼠、缉毒蝶等等。     

THE ROAD FROM ADDICTION RECOVERY TO PRODUCTIVITY: ENDING DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PEOPLE WITH ALCOHOL AND DRUG PROBLEMS

People with alcohol or other drug problems face discriminatory public and private policies that restrict their access to appropriate health care, employment, and public benefits, discouraging them from seeking treatment, robbing them of hope for recovery, and costing society millions of dollars. Join Together, a project of Boston University School of Public Health, formed a national policy panel in the spring of 2002 to address this discrimination. The panelists developed the two principles and ten recommendations contained in this report, relying principally upon the written and oral testimony they received. Join Together was assisted in this effort by the American Bar Association's (ABA) Standing Committee on Substance Abuse, which facilitated the panel's initial hearing at the ABA's Annual Meeting in August 2002.     

Ultra-trace analysis of illicit drugs from transfer of an electrostatic lift

This article introduces a method of collecting and analysing drug residues that integrates both electrostatic lifting and nanomanipulation-coupled to nanospray ionization mass spectrometry. The application of this hyphenated technique exhibits a useful means of collection and extraction of drug residues with ease and efficiency along with decreased limits of detection. From this method, it will be shown how increased sensitivity of analysis and lower limits of detection for drug analysis can be achieved. The same principles that allow lifting of dust prints by electrostatic lifting can be applied to lifting drug residues. Probing of the drug residues by nanomanipulation occurs directly from the lift, which provides a great platform for extraction. Nanomanipulation-coupled to nanospray ionization-mass spectrometry has been used for the extraction of trace analytes in previous experiments and is known as a very sensitive technique for the detection of ultra-trace residue. This method will demonstrate the electrostatic lifting of drug residue particles from a surface followed by extraction and ionization with nanomanipulation-nanospray ionization. The utility of this novel methodology allows for a more productive analysis when presented with ultra-trace amounts of sample.     

The relationship between the detection of acquisitive crime by forensic science and drug-dependent offenders

Drug- and nondrug-related acquisitive crime offences such as burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft, were compared to assess whether drug abusers were more likely to be apprehended via forensic science techniques. Data were all acquisitive offences committed over a 6-year period within a police force area in England. Drug-dependent offenders committed a wider range of offence types than nondependent offenders, and they were significantly more likely to be detected via their DNA or fingerprints (p < 0.01). A logistic regression (n > 14,000) revealed a number of predictors that influence the detection of the crime by forensic techniques. The results indicate that a number of these predictors are of statistical significance; the most significant of these being drug use by the offender with sex, ethnicity, and employment status also being relevant. Age of the offender and number of offences committed were found not to be significant. Of the four hypotheses considered to explain this, the most likely was thought to be the physical and mental impact of drug use on crime scene behavior. Consideration is given to the disciplines of forensic science and forensic psychology working closely together to distinguish factors that influence crime scene behavior.     

The detection of sedatives in hair and nail samples using tandem LC-MS-MS

Drug screening methods were developed to detect alprazolam, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, midazolam, oxazepam, temazepam, triazolam, zopiclone, and selected metabolites in human hair and nail samples employing liquid-liquid extraction and tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Hair and nail samples were obtained from patients who had recently discontinued or were currently prescribed one or more of the targeted drugs. Prazepam was used as the internal standard for all compounds. Some components in the hair matrix gave the same transitions as some of the analytes but did not compromise the analyses because their retention times differed from those for the target compounds. The analytical run time was 8-10min. Results of the hair analysis of a DFSA victim are also presented.     

Analysis of the Effect of Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate on Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae),

Forensic entomotoxicology investigates the effects of chemical substances in the development of scavenger insects and the reflection on estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMI). To evaluate the impact of the chemotherapeutic drugs cyclophosphamide (CF) and methotrexate (MTX) on the postembryonic development of Chrysomya megacephala, controlled experiments were performed by rearing the larvae on spiked minced beef with different concentrations of these drugs. The results indicated that CF significantly decreased their developmental rate up to 28 h but had no significant effect on larval and adult sizes, survival rate, and sex ratio, whereas MTX decreased larval and adult sizes, survival rate, and there was a deviation in the expected sex ratio toward females in MTX‐exposed larvae but had no significant impact on developmental rate. These negative interference factors should be considered in cases of suspected death of people that have undergone chemotherapy.     

Homicide of children and adolescents in Mexico (1990–2013)

The trends and correlates of child and juvenile homicide rates in three developmental age groups (0-5, 6-11, and 12-17) during 1990–2013 in Mexico are examined by using vital statistical data. Homicide rates for adults and children were calculated yearly and the place where homicides occurred and the means used to commit homicide examined. Changes and continuities in homicide rates during 2002–2007 and 2008–2013 and their association with socio-economic, status of women, public security efforts, and firearm availability variables were studied. Homicide rates increased rapidly for adults and children in 2008 as did the rates in which a firearm was used. Rates for adults and children 0–5 years were particularly correlated. In some states, the youngest children’s rates increased by 75% or more than the rates for adults. High-increase states for younger children were closer to the U.S. border, were farther from abortion services, and had growing rates of female-headed households.     

LC-MS/MS法测定尿样中19种滥用药物

目的:建立一种可以同时测定尿样中19种滥用药物的LC-MS/MS法,了解药物滥用者的药物使用情况。方法:采用LC-MS/MS对尿样进行定量分析。结果:尿样中19种滥用药物在相应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,最低检出限为1-100ng·ml-1,其中52.63%≤10ng·ml-1;对本地区部分滥用药物依赖性患者尿样测定结果表明,吗啡、可待因、甲基苯丙胺、海洛因、美沙酮为吸毒者常用的药物。结论:所建立的LC-MS/MS法操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高,能满足临床对滥用药物监测的需要,且能扩展至其他生物样品的监测。     

禁毒宣传工作刍议

宣传教育是禁毒工作的重要组成部分,是动员广大人民群众参与禁毒斗争的有力武器,也是激励禁毒队伍斗志、震慑毒品违法犯罪的必然要求。禁毒部门必须紧紧抓住全民、青少年、吸毒高危人群这三个层面,坚持“广泛、深入、持久”的工作方针,建立覆盖全社会、突出重点人群的毒品预防教育格局;注重加强基础业务建设,密切与公安宣传部门、新闻媒体的联系,为禁毒宣传教育工作可持续发展奠定扎实的基础。