涉毒女犯自我归因分析及改造对策

在监狱中涉毒女犯的比例有不断上升的趋势,对涉毒女犯的心理矫治、思想改造和行为训练成为很紧迫的任务。通过对232名涉毒女犯进行自我归因的问卷调查分析,涉毒女犯文化程度普遍很低;大多为农民和无业者;犯罪时的年龄绝大部分集中在30岁到49岁;涉毒女犯的犯罪动机多样化。因此,在对涉毒女犯改造中应加强文化知识学习和生存技能训练,通过宣传教育和亲情感化,重新塑造其正确的人生观和价值观,重点培养涉毒女犯社会责任感和道德意识,唤起其走向新生的希望,磨练其克服生活困难的意志。     

腐败生物检材中多种碱性滥用药物的检测

目的建立腐败生物检材中多种碱性滥用药物的提取、净化和仪器分析方法。方法用环己烷作为提取溶剂液-液萃取,同时采用Bond Elut Certify小柱、甲醇淋洗、二氯甲烷:异丙醇:氨水(78:20:2)洗脱固相萃取分离提取,GC/MS、GC/NPD定性定量分析各种生物检材中的滥用药物。结果从所送死者肝组织、胃组织、心血及胃内容、尿样、各检材中均同时检出吗啡、可待因、舒乐安定和异丙嗪成份,其中肝组织含量分别为吗啡0.094μg/g、可待因0.257μg/g、异丙嗪0.110μg/g,尿液含量分别为吗啡0.334μg/ml、可待因4.054μg/ml、异丙嗪0.066μg/ml,心血含量分别为吗啡0.036μg/ml、可待因0.106μg/g、异丙嗪0.088μg/ml。结论此方法准确、可靠、科学,可以用于法医毒物分析领域体内检材多种碱性药物的检测。     

益气养阴药对糖尿病大鼠血糖及脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的:研究益气养阴药对糖尿病大鼠血糖含量及脂质过氧化作用的影响.方法:益气养阴药治疗糖尿病大鼠5周后,测定全血血糖水平,血清胰岛素活性,脂质过氧化物、丙二醛(MDA)水平,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性.结果:与模型组比较,治疗组血糖和MDA水平降低,SOD和GSH-Px活性提高(P《0.05).结论:益气养阴药具有减轻糖尿病大鼠体内脂质过氧化反应、降低血糖的作用.     

窝藏 转移 隐瞒毒品罪质疑

窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品、毒赃罪的犯罪对象毒品和毒赃是不同性质的两种物品,不宜规定在同一犯罪之中;窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品罪的规定违背了赃物犯罪发生的时间和共同犯罪论,不宜规定为赃物犯罪。刑法关于窝藏、转移、隐满毒品犯罪的规定刑设置也不甚合理,应取消刑法第3 49条关于窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品罪的规定,只保留窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒赃罪。     

GC双检测器技术筛选常见毒(药)物的可行性研究

利用气相色谱仪 ,在样品进样经单柱分离后通过Y形管连接至两个不同选择性检测器 (NPD/FID)的方法 ,考察气相色谱操作条件对双检测器响应比值的影响及其该法用于复杂样品测定的可行性。结果表明当实验条件保持不变时 ,NPD/FID响应比值具有较好的重现性。改变检测器操作参数和色谱条件对NPD/FID响应比值都有影响 ,但相对于某一参比物计算得到的相对NPD/FID响应比值受影响很小。样品中待测组份的浓度改变不影响NPD/FID响应比值。在有标准品比对的情况下 ,NPD/FID响应比值或相对NPD/FID响应比值可以作为定性分析的一个参数。     

Using National Incident-Based Reporting System Data for Strategic Crime Analysis

The utility of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) forstrategic crime analysis has yet to be explored. The NIBRS represents anadvancement over existing reporting systems and possesses considerableutility to frontline law enforcement with respect to strategic crimeanalysis. This paper discusses the utility of the NIBRS for identifyinglocal and regional trends in narcotics related offenses. As an example, weselected four localities from the 1997 Virginia NIBRS data to examine trendsin the sale/distribution and possession of narcotics. Our analysis showsthat the NIBRS provides significantly more incident-related detail than hasheretofore been available for strategic crime analysis at the regional orstate level. Moreover, the NIBRS provides neighboring communities theopportunity to compare information on emerging crime patterns and criminalenterprises which extend beyond local boundaries. Finally, enhancing localreporting compliance by highlighting the strategic utility of the data tolocal law enforcement will ultimately ensure the quality of the data set,which can then be employed by larger entities as well as criminal justiceresearchers for policy development and planning.     

成就与问题:毒品犯罪研究学术史述评

新中国毒品犯罪的学术研究,始自20世纪80年代中期,成果丰硕。毒品犯罪研究具有明显的应世性、阶段性、地域性特征。主要研究范式为毒品犯罪的注释性研究、犯罪学研究、诉讼法学研究、刑事一体化研究等。多种研究范式、多学科视角的运用推进了毒品犯罪研究领域的广度与深度。但这些研究范式也存在着僵化、简单化、不协调、不均衡等问题,而且毒品犯罪的刑事政策、社会政策研究的空白亟待填补。     

对湖北省毒品犯罪的剖析

湖北省毒品犯罪日趋严重，已成为国内贩毒的重要中转站；吸毒人员剧增，毒品消费市场已经形成；结伙作案突出，贩毒手段多样化。面对严峻的形势，必须引起政府的高度重视；加强基础和防范工作，加大打击力度；着力禁毒专业机构和队伍建设；强化禁毒宣传教育工作。     

Validation of the Direct Analysis in Real Time Source for Use in Forensic Drug Screening

Abstract:  The Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) ion source is a relatively new mass spectrometry technique that is seeing widespread use in chemical analyses world-wide. DART studies include such diverse topics as analysis of flavors and fragrances, melamine in contaminated dog food, differentiation of writing inks, characterization of solid counterfeit drugs, and as a detector for planar chromatography. Validation of this new technique for the rapid screening of forensic evidence for drugs of abuse, utilizing the DART source coupled to an accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer, was conducted. The study consisted of the determination of the lower limit of detection for the method, determination of selectivity and a comparison of this technique to established analytical protocols. Examples of DART spectra are included. The results of this study have allowed the Virginia Department of Forensic Science to incorporate this new technique into their analysis scheme for the screening of solid dosage forms of drugs of abuse.     

Psychoactive drugs in the road traffic in the legal and consultative aspects—Experience gained by the Forensic Medicine Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice

Introduction

In the years 1997–2007 in the Forensic Medicine Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice a total of 785 blood samples collected from drivers being the perpetrators of road accidents was tested for the presence of psychoactive drugs.

Methods

The studies took advantage of FPIA (Abbott), ELISA (Neogen), LC–MS and GC FID.

Results

21% of tested samples were positive. In the blood of the driver cannabinoids, amphetamine and its derivatives were most frequently found. Moreover, individual opium alkaloids, their combinations with barbiturates, benzodiazepines or amphetamine, benzodiazepine derivatives (isolated cases), drugs of benzodiazepine group in combination with barbiturates, tramadol or tricyclic anti-depressants (isolated cases), carbamazepine, phenotiazine, cocaine, dibenzepine, benzene, toluene and acetone were determined.

Conclusion

The obtained results showed cannabinoids and amphetamine derivatives to be the most frequent whereas opium alkaloids, barbiturates and benzodiazepines rather rare psychoactive drugs found in the tested blood samples of the drivers involved in the road accidents. The authors suggest screening psychoactive drugs not only in drivers involved in road accidents but also those put through the routine road check procedures. While giving opinions on the influence of the above mentioned drugs on the psychophysical efficiency of road traffic users, drugs and compounds which are not subject to legal control but have an effect on the human psychomotor efficiency and thus, enhance the risk of the road accident should be also taken into account.