析公安机关存在的腐败现象及防治措施

司法部门应该是惩治腐败的主要力量,如果自身不能做到清正廉洁,就难以指望其担当反腐重任了。当前,公安机关应有针对性地做好防治腐败的六项措施。即:一是深入开展党风廉政教育;二是反腐倡廉要从领导干部抓起;三是建章立制,强化监督机制;四是严肃法纪,查处大案要案;五是从优待警,保廉养廉;六是严把进人关,健全淘汰机制。     

Implicit Attitudes,Explicit Choices: When Subliminal Priming Predicts Candidate Preference

Citizens are asked to make many judgments in politics, often in the face of scarce information and limited motivation. In making political judgments, citizens may rely upon a variety of cues, including the partisanship, ethnicity, race, or sex of candidates. Some cues, however, are more democratically troublesome than others. Democratic norms of equality suggest that attitudes towards racial or ethnic groups should not influence citizens’ evaluations of candidates. Often, however, attitudes towards these groups do matter. This article identifies a limiting condition on the effect of group attitudes: the presence of a party cue. I demonstrate that attitudes towards Hispanics influence willingness to support a Hispanic candidate, but only in the absence of a party cue. The article also contributes to existing work by analyzing both explicit and implicit measures of attitudes towards groups. Explicit measures include stereotypes and feeling thermometers; implicit measures are derived from a subliminal priming task. Subjects with positive attitudes towards Hispanics (whether these attitudes were measured implicitly or explicitly) were more likely to support the Hispanic candidate, in the absence of party cues. Subjects with negative attitudes towards Hispanics were less likely to support the Hispanic candidate, in the absence of party cues. The presence of party cues, however, eliminates the impact of attitudes towards Hispanics on political choice.

公安行政强制措施法律适用探析

作为行政强制在公安行政执法领域的具体化和重要表现形式,公安行政强制措施与社会安定和可持续发展具有极为密切的联系,是一个非常重要的理论与实践问题。当前,应当进一步理顺规制公安行政强制措施的相关法律依据,并根据《行政强制法》的规定,结合公安实战具体情况,加强对公安行政强制措施实施程序的分析研究,从而切实发挥公安行政强制措施应有的功能和作用。     

涉众型经济犯罪问题浅析

涉众型经济犯罪是危害国家经济秩序、动摇社会稳定、诱发群体性事件的重要因素,已成为政法机关、社会管控部门乃至法学界关注的重点。文章针对涉众型经济犯罪的特点及成因进行了分析,认为应采取有效防范对策,以保护广大人民群众的合法权益,维护社会主义市场经济秩序和社会和谐稳定。     

社会治安防控体系的基本内涵与运行模式

良好的社会治安是维护社会秩序稳定的保障。为了严密防控违法犯罪活动,有效应对并解决各种社会治安问题,必须充分整合各种社会防控力量,构建一套以违法犯罪为对象的防控体系。为确保这一体系的有效运行,其运行模式必须由多元主体来开展社会治安防控,做到长远目标与现实目标的有机结合,并采用各种行之有效的防控措施。     

《就业促进法》检视下的退役运动员人力资源开发研究

对退役运动员的就业保障和安置面临一定的政策和法律困境。对退役运动员就业保障的研究,首先应着眼于基于什么样的法理和法律根据来保障其就业。实际上,退役运动员的现实状况,符合《就业促进法》中特殊就业人群的外观,在法理上也能够解释。以退役运动员作为特殊就业人群的法律地位所作的制度设计和保障,才在法理上能立足、在制度上有根由、在效力上有根据,并最终达到较好地保障退役运动员就业权之目标。     

解读“技术侦查”与“乔装侦查”——以《刑事诉讼法修正案》为中心的规范分析

第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过了《关于修改<中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法>的决定》(即《刑事诉讼法修正案》),明文规定在《刑事诉讼法》第二编第二章第七节后增加第八节"技术侦查措施"。但是,《刑事诉讼法修正案》在技术侦查措施的立法技术上采取了"概括授权"的方式,即仅笼统规定侦查机关对于危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、重大毒品犯罪或者其他严重危害社会的犯罪案件,根据侦查犯罪的需要,经过严格的批准手续,有权采取技术侦查措施,而并未明确列举可采取的技术侦查措施的具体种类和手段。与此相关,《刑事诉讼法修正案》在"技术侦查措施"这一章节下同时授权公安机关为了查明案情,在必要的时候,经公安机关负责人决定,可以由有关人员隐匿其身份实施侦查,此即"乔装侦查措施"。问题在于,《刑事诉讼法修正案》在乔装侦查措施的立法技术上同样采取了概括授权的方式,除列举性地规定了作为乔装侦查方式之一的"控制下交付"之外,并未在立法上明文列举乔装侦查措施的具体类型和方式,其结果是造成《刑事诉讼法修正案》中"技术侦查措施"、"乔装侦查措施"等基础概念含义不清、相关法条内容模糊,减损了法条的可操作性,威胁到司法的确定性,可能直接或间接地冲击《刑事诉讼法》保障人权和打击犯罪的终极目的。《刑事诉讼法修正案》施行在即,上述基础概念的界定问题不解决,司法实务中将无法正确操作《刑事诉讼法修正案》中与"技术侦查措施"和"乔装侦查措施"相关的程序与制度。因此,应运用法律解释的方法对"技术侦查措施"和"乔装侦查措施"这两个基础性概念进行规范解释,勘定"技术侦查措施"和"乔装侦查措施"的合理内涵与外延。     

统一多民族国家的宪制建构——新中国成立初期民族区域自治制度的奠基历程

对于民族区域自治制度在我国的确立,《共同纲领》的宪政宣示尽管具有最为重要的合法性确认意义,但这一基本宪政制度的真正奠基,则有赖于民族识别、民族干部培养、少数民族地方民主改革等一系列相关政治实践。这其中,少数民族地方民主改革可视为我国民族区域自治制度奠基的关键,它直接决定了新中国的民族治理制度是否坚持和贯彻了社会主义方向这一民族区域自治制度的最实质所在。同时,新中国通过将民族区域自治制度作为我国民族治理的基本宪政制度,也实现了清末以来多民族大国的民族—国家建构的真正飞跃。     

现行犯案件的初查措施:反思性研究——以新《刑事诉讼法》第117条对传唤、拘传的修改为切入

适应公安机关办理现行犯案件的现实需要,我国新《刑事诉讼法》第117条增设了对现行犯的口头传唤措施,但存在一定的问题。由于立法的科学性不足,当下实践中,现行犯案件中初查措施的适用乱象纷呈。现行犯案件初查中强制措施的适用既具有现实必要性,也具有理论正当性。应当将现行犯的立案程序独立设置,同时修改拘留制度,以明确被口头传唤或者无证拘留后的现行犯的犯罪嫌疑人身份,解决紧随其后的讯问行为的合法性以及讯问笔录的证据效力,消除"先侦后立"的现象。     

Measuring Procedural Justice in Police-Citizen Encounters

Procedural justice has dominated recent discussions of police interactions with the public. It has mostly been measured from the perspective of citizens (using surveys or interviews), but several important questions about predictors and outcomes of fair police treatment are best answered using direct observations of police-citizen interactions. Building on prior observational studies, we develop and validate an instrument for measuring procedural justice as it is exercised by the police in the natural setting of their encounters with the public. In doing so, we adopt a “formative” rather than the common “reflective” approach, based on the assumption that specific behaviors that make up procedural justice do not reflect a single underlying construct but rather form one. We justify this approach and validate our instrument accordingly. We also discuss the implications of our measurement for future research on procedural justice in police behavior.