政府信息公开中“内部管理信息”的判定

内部管理信息不予公开在国务院办公厅《关于做好政府信息依申请公开工作的意见》中进行规定后,法院通过个案对如何判定内部管理信息进行了回应。通过判决梳理,可见法官在审查时关注到内部管理信息的主体、内容、程序和效力四个方面;其中"不具备外部效力"作为效力标准是法院判定内部管理信息的主要考察因素。然而针对现行规范的梳理却显示出不同的结论,信息所涉内容的"内部性"方是内部管理信息的核心,即在行政机关"履行职责"之外,属于"日常工作"中的内部管理事务;同时部门、地方性信息公开规范通过列举式规定,将人事信息、设备管理信息、内部规章制度列为内部管理信息的典型类别。以"内部性事务"作为内容标准判定内部管理信息相较于"不具备外部效力"作为效力标准而言,更符合立法原意且契合已有的规范体系。     

论社会管理创新中我国警察权的使命

从权力运作逻辑看,公安社会管理创新主要是一种警察权力运作方式的创新。而任何权力都是在特定时空的社会组织体系中运行并实现功能目的及其价值目标的。从近代西方社会管理的经验和警察权理念流变看,民主政治发展、市场经济建设和公民社会培育三者对国家治理理念形成及其实践方式选择（包括警察权配置及运行）产生了决定性影响,历史经验和事实逻辑要求我们把合作治理与公民增权作为我国社会管理创新中警察权的使命。     

中国学界对韩国经济—经营领域的研究现状、问题及展望

建交以来中国对韩国经济—经营研究发展迅速,这成为中国韩国学研究的重要部分。从中国知网数据库的统计分析当中可以发现,韩国经济—经营研究是中国学界较为关注的国别研究之一,其关注重点随着中韩经济发展经历了一个变化的过程。1992~1997年,相关研究对韩国经济的制度层面和大企业集团的关注很多,重点是对韩国经济发展经验的引进和借鉴。1998~2008年,中国学界对韩国经济—经营领域的研究进入全面深入发展阶段,对韩国工业经济的关注度明显提高,对韩国企业的经营管理也进行了更加详实的考察和分析。2009年以来,能源问题、文化产业问题、FTA问题、农业问题、宏观经济管理当中的公共政策问题等成为中国学界的关注重点。由于主客观因素的制约,中国学界对韩国经济—经营领域的研究存在基础研究不足、跟踪研究滞后和具体产业研究不深入等问题。目前,韩国在经济—经营方面依然有很多值得中国借鉴的经验,中韩经济关系发展也面临着新的问题,中国学界对韩国经济—经营领域的研究面临着新的机遇与课题。     

Auditee Strategies: An Investigation of Auditees’ Reactions to the Norwegian State Audit Institution’s Performance Audits

This article contributes to theory on accountability—how it is played out and responded to. It uses the Norwegian State Audit Institution as an illustration. The responses of the audited entities to the SAI’s institutional pressure were identified through an analysis of four different cases. Four auditee strategies were identified. They indicate that the performance audit has impact when the auditees agree with the conclusions of the SAI. Sanctions from the control committee and the Parliament are equally important. Even though the extent of sanctions and conflict of opinion matter for the auditees’ responses, the effects are context dependent.     

An Assessment of a Drastically Changed Federal Workplace in the United States

Abstract

Written by four experienced government employees, this article discusses many alarming changes that have been forced on the Federal government workplace over the past 20 years. The article identifies actions by elected and appointed officials that have greatly changed and weakened a workplace that was a model for America. Several attributes of the Federal workplace of the past and of the present are compared and contrasted.     

Meritocracy and the Singapore Political System

The separation of implementation from policy has been diffused as ‘agencification’ around the world. It is considered an organisational reform based on new public management (NPM). The semi-autonomous public organisations executing policy are set up and are given a greater flexibility in operations in exchange for strengthening accountability for results. The central government of Japan also adopted the organisational reform in which agencies were called independent administrative institutions (IAIs). The reform intends not only to make the public service more transparent but to improve efficiency and quality of services through separating the implementing functions from the policy units, ministries and departments. It is assumed that flexibility in operations and result orientation would improve organisational performance through a feedback instrument of evaluating results into the budget other than an incentive mechanism. This article investigates whether the intended objectives have been accomplished. The specific focus is on the impacts on the budgetary system in terms of performance. The analysis shows that in Japanese agencies, ex-post performance information has not been fed into the budget process. Also the actual outcomes are explained by an incremental funding system, technical problems in measurement of results (performance measurement) and bureaucratic motivation through adopting a principal agent model.     

论侦查人员的认知能力与量子技能

刑事侦查是一个不完备信息条件下的未知问题求解,而刑事侦查过程是一个综合智能实现的活动,通过这种综合智能活动完成侦查任务,得到满意的成效。文章基于刑事侦查的有限理性与实践意义,为完善侦查过程与侦查人员的知识体系提出了一个概念模型,即侦查人员的认知能力与量子技能。并且将刑事侦查过程建立在认知能力、量子技能和知识管理基础上,通过对刑事侦查过程中侦查人员应该具备哪些认知能力,认知能力的偏差对侦查过程和成效会产生哪些影响,以及如何在刑事侦查过程中建立量子技能,并且,通过侦查过程实践的自组织、自学习完善刑事侦查知识体系的构建。     

综合性本科院校财务管理制度研究

随着我国高等教育的迅速发展,高校办学规模不断扩大,综合性本科院校财务任务日益繁重,原有的财务管理制度存在诸多的问题：学校集中财务统筹管理模式已经不适用于学科种类复杂、下属院系数量繁多的综合性本科院校;学校的预算工作往往只停留在预算报表的编制上,在具体的执行过程中,编制的预算报表没有发挥主导作用;由于高校由国家出资,高校管理者作为法人在高校办学的收益上没有任何压力,导致国家资源的浪费,缺乏有效的校内监督机制;长期以后高校“重教学、轻行政”的管理体制,导致财务人员的普遍水平不高等问题.改革综合性本科院校财务管理制度必须从加强收支预算管理、推行财务分析、加强内部审计监督等方面进行.     

Long-Term Capital Management and the sociology of arbitrage

Arbitrage is a key process in the practice of financial markets and in their theoretical depiction: it allows markets to be posited as efficient without all investors being assumed to be rational. This article explores the sociology of arbitrage by means of an examination of the arbitrageurs, Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM). LTCM's 1998 crisis is analysed using both qualitative, interview-based data and quantitative examination of price movements. It is suggested that the roots of the crisis lay in an unstable pattern of imitation that had developed in the markets within which LTCM operated. As the resulting 'superportfolio' began to unravel, arbitrageurs other than LTCM fled the market, even as arbitrage opportunities became more attractive, causing huge price movements against LTCM. Three features of the sociology of arbitrage are discussed: its conduct by people often personally known to each other; the possibility and consequences of imitation; and the limits on the capacity of arbitrage to close price discrepancies. It is suggested that by 1998 imitative arbitrage formed a 'global microstructure' in the sense of Knorr Cetina and Bruegger.     

Commissioning for Health and Wellbeing: An Introduction

Local government reforms have been carried out in a number of European countries, aiming at both more effective service production and increased citizen participation in local politics. Although extensive research has been carried out analysing the content and background of these reforms, few if any, studies have considered the democratic effects of these reforms at the level of the individual citizen. This article investigates relationship between local government reforms and citizen trust in local government, focusing on individual-level data on local government reforms in Norway in 2008. The analysis shows that it is difficult to find a clear relationship between reform policies and trust in local politicians. These findings parallel other contributions in concluding that it is difficult to find substantial effects from local government re-organisations.