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HANNS VON HOFER 《Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention》2013,14(2):162-179
The article is a summary of a book in Swedish on the development of crime (that is, violence and theft) and punishment in Sweden in a historical perspective. The data stem mostly from conviction statistics. Following a discussion of the reliability of conviction statistics, trends in these statistics are described and various criminological explanations for these trends are discussed. 相似文献
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J⊘rn Vestergaard 《Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention》2013,14(1):62-84
Under the label ‘youth sanction’ (ungdomssanktion) a new type of sentence for juvenile offenders has been enacted by a 2001 amendment to the Danish Penal Code. The study reported here is an analysis of the 55 sentences imposed over the first year. Widespread disparity and disproportionality in sentencing was found. Statutory requirements regarding the seriousness of the individual case have not in all instances been satisfactorily established. The emergence of the new sanction implies a considerable increase in the intensity of intervention. Being based on a revitalized treatment ideology, the new criminal sanction legitimizes a vast widening of the control measures directed against troubled youth, in particular such offenders who has another ethnic background than Danish. No comprehensive programme or coherent vision regarding treatment methods has been stipulated, and professionals are bewildered and in disagreement regarding such issues. Nothing indicates that the costly efforts will prove to be adequate as rehabilitative and crime preventive tools. The introduction of the youth sanction is part of a contemporary criminal policy agenda dominated by a broad political coalition with an urge to demonstrate ability and readiness to cope with juvenile street crime by employing more ‘consequent’ measures, involving tougher and swifter punishment combined with coerced rehabilitation. 相似文献
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Reino Sirén Jukka Savolainen 《Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention》2013,14(2):80-97
International literature on prison effects on recidivism tends to find little evidence of specific deterrence. If anything, imprisonment seems more likely to increase than decrease rates of offending. The present study adds to this literature by examining imprisonment and recidivism in Finland, a nation characterized by an exceptionally moderate penal culture. It has been suggested that severe sanctions need to be imposed selectively in order for them to be effective. In this research, we estimated the impact of first imprisonment on recidivism in comparison with offenders sentenced to either suspended imprisonment or community service. Using data from government population registries, we controlled for a large number of legal and extra-legal confounding factors, including criminal history and socio-demographic characteristics. We found no evidence of reduced recidivism as a result of imprisonment. Instead, consistent with prior research, we find evidence of increased recidivism in certain offender categories. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications. 相似文献
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丁芝华 《黑龙江省政法管理干部学院学报》2006,(5):51-54
目前同种数罪的从重处罚原则,与异种数罪的合并处罚原则相比,明显违背了罪刑相当原则,放纵了罪犯,不能有效地打击犯罪和保护社会秩序.解决同种数罪的问题,需要明确其各种类型--特殊同种数罪和普通同种数罪.在此基础上,解决认定同种数罪的复杂问题,主要通过与异种数罪的对比研究,确立统一的并罚原则,作为解决同种数罪理论和实践问题的最佳方案. 相似文献
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董坤 《国家检察官学院学报》2020,(3):28-38
精准化的量刑建议契合认罪认罚案件的特点和速审要求,有利于诉讼的稳定性和裁判的安定性。在认罪认罚案件中,法院的量刑裁判权没有根本改变,但量刑建议是控辩协商的合意,具有司法公信力,对法院的裁判形成一定的拘束:一是除法定例外情形,法院应当采纳量刑建议;二是即使量刑建议有些许偏差,但非明显不当,法院也需保有宽容度和容错性,采纳量刑建议;三是对于认罪认罚案件中量刑建议明显不当的,法院仍需受到程序性约束,不能直接裁判,而是建议检察机关先行调整量刑建议。未来,法院应更新认识、转变观念,自觉接受认罪认罚案件中量刑建议的必要约束。同时,检察机关也应与法院协同推进量刑指导意见的罪名扩充和内容完善;保障辩方权利,增强量刑协商中控辩双方的对等性,确保协商的有效性;加强量刑建议的文书说理;不断提升量刑建议的质量和公信力,以增加法院的认可度和采纳率。 相似文献
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认罪认罚从宽制度下,检察官角色职能在既有的矛盾属性中向内收敛和向下潜深,角色职能的新变化促使检察官客观公正义务的具体内容也往深处延伸,需要从自愿性证明、被害人权益保障和量刑建议优化三个方面着重精细化。据此,应当根据检察官客观公正义务的下潜趋势,树立自愿性认定标准,赋予相关人实际的法律援助权利并搭建监督体系。同时,要重视被害人权利救济与司法效率提升的辩证关系,进行量刑建议的分类精准化,在实践过程中增强检察官自身法律专业能力,科学化、精准化量刑,并在与法官的相互配合中厘清二者关系,最后自觉承担说明义务,促进法治国家建设。 相似文献
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王永兴 《四川警官高等专科学校学报》2013,(1):35-42
《刑法修正案（八）》将醉酒驾驶犯罪行为规定为危险驾驶罪予以刑事处罚,为打击惩处醉酒驾驶犯罪提供了法律依据。有效地遏制了醉酒驾驶事故的发生,有力地保障了道路交通安全。但是。在司法实践中,对醉酒驾驶犯罪的量刑并无统一的量刑规范。导致本罪在量刑适用上存在不规范、不统一、不均衡的问题。因此,如何准确适用量刑,确保罚当其罪,是审判实践中必须解决的问题。浙江省高级人民法院在2011年公布的五起危险驾驶犯罪案件具有一定的典型性和指导性,通过对上述案件的比较分析,结合以事实为依据,以法律为准绳、罪责刑相适应、体现宽严相济和确保量刑均衡的量刑原则,最终以细化醉酒驾驶犯罪的量刑情节来规范、统一、均衡本罪的量刑适用。 相似文献
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立足刑事诉讼多元化繁简分流体系,检察机关的刑事诉讼主导地位有广义和狭义之分,前者是指检察机关在办理全部案件过程中发挥主导作用,后者是指检察机关在办理认罪认罚案件过程中具有实质影响乃至决定案件结果的特定权力。借鉴描述大陆法系和英美法系检察权扩张现象的“检察权裁判”理论,狭义的检察机关主导地位才是未来合作式诉讼中检察职权演进的应有之义。审视体现我国检察机关刑事诉讼主导地位的认罪认罚具结、量刑建议和酌定不起诉三个维度,可以发现,目前确立狭义的检察机关主导地位,尚缺乏足够的理念基础与制度支持。未来,随着合作性司法理念渗透至我国刑事诉讼主要领域,立法机关可以前瞻性地从辨析检察权时代内涵、明确认罪认罚从宽制度功能、推进具结准诉讼化改造以及提升内外部监督质量和效果等方面出发,推动狭义的检察机关刑事诉讼主导地位的巩固与发展。 相似文献
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量刑事实作为案件事实的重要组成部分,其能否得到全面、准确的调查,取决于量刑证据的适用。要确定量刑程序适用的证据规则,首先要确定量刑事实应该采用的证明模式,证明模式的选择事关量刑裁判的公正性、科学性,是量刑程序进一步改革所面临的实践难题,也是不可回避的重要理论课题。对法定量刑事实采用严格证明模式,对酌定量刑事实采用自由证明模式,符合法律的现行规定,有利于刑罚目的的实现,有利于维护法律的权威。 相似文献