前事不忘后事之师 --纪念"九·一八"事变70周年

日本帝国主义为了把中国变成它的独占殖民地,于1931年9月18日悍然发动了侵略我国东北的"九·一八"事变.面对日本的侵略,国民党蒋介石集团竟然采取"绝对不抵抗主义".日本帝国主义的侵略罪行和蒋介石的卖国政策,激起了全国人民的极大愤慨.在中国共产党的号召、推动和领导下,全国迅速掀起了抗日救亡运动的怒潮."九·一八"事变是中国的一个耻辱.今天,我们纪念"九·一八"事变70周年具有重大的现实意义.     

Allende in Athens: The Political and Cultural Impact of the Chilean 1970s in Greece during the Colonels' Dictatorship and the Metapolitefsi (1970–1981)

This article discusses how Greeks perceived Salvador Allende's overthrow, Pinochet's military dictatorship, and US interventionism in Chile. By the end of Greece's dictatorship (1967–1974), left-wing militants emotionally identified with the ‘Chilean tragedy’ through their own experiences of military authoritarianism. Indeed, the Greek Colonels' Junta amplified the 1973 Chilean coup's local impact. Subsequently, during the early Metapolitefsi period (1974–1981), a wide variety of Greek political, social, and cultural actors used the Chilean 1970s as a key reference in the crucial debates that ultimately redefined Greece's collective political and cultural identities.     

Forensic Archaeological Recovery of a Large‐Scale Mass Disaster Scene: Lessons Learned from Two Complex Recovery Operations at the World Trade Center Site

In 2006, unexpected discoveries of buried World Trade Center (WTC) debris and human remains were made at the World Trade Center mass disaster site. New York City's Office of Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) was given the task of systematically searching the site for any remaining victims' remains. The subsequent OCME assessment and archaeological excavation conducted from 2006 until 2013, resulted in the recovery of over 1,900 victims' remains. In addition, this operation demonstrated the essential skills archaeologists can provide in a mass disaster recovery operation. The OCME excavation data illustrates some of the challenges encountered during the original recovery effort of 2001/2002. It suggests that when understood within the larger site recovery context, certain fundamental components of the original recovery effort, such as operational priorities and activities in effect during the original recovery, directly or indirectly resulted in unsearched deposits that contained human remains.     

Using Rule 11 Sanctions to Punish Accusers Who Make False Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse in Custody and Divorce Cases

False claims of child sexual abuse negatively affect the accused parent and the child. Such false claims can be used to sway custody determinations and cause frivolous applications to the court. This Note proposes that courts impose sanctions, comparable to those set forth in Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, on litigants who make false claims of child sexual abuse.     

A Cannabis sativa STR Genotype Database for Australian Seizures: Forensic Applications and Limitations*

Abstract: A genetic database was established with the aim of documenting the genetic diversity of Cannabis sativa in Australia for future utilization in forensic investigations. The database consisted of genotypes at 10 validated short tandem repeat loci for 510 plants representing drug seizures from across Australia and 57 fiber samples. A total of 106 alleles and 314 different genotypes were detected. All fiber samples exhibited unique genotypes while 55% of the drug samples shared a genotype with one or more samples. Shared genotypes were mostly found within seizures; however, some genotypes were found among seizures. Statistical analysis indicated that genotype sharing was a consequence of clonal propagation rather than a lack of genetic resolution. Thus, the finding of shared genotypes among seizures is likely due to either a common supplier, or direct links among seizures. Notwithstanding the potential intelligence information provided by genetic analysis of C. sativa, our database analysis also reveals some present limitations.     

Erfolgszurechnung als Frage der Strafzumessung

Eine unwesentliche Abweichung des tats?chlichen Kausalverlaufs vom vorgestellten schlie?t den Vorsatz nicht aus. Da eine Abweichung unwesentlich ist, wenn der Erfolg im Risikozusammenhang mit der Tathandlung steht, ist der Vorsatz in Bezug auf den Kausalverlauf im Ergebnis ohne Bedeutung. Ob aber der Erfolg allenfalls nicht objektiv zurechenbar ist, betrifft bei stafbaren Handlungen, die wie § 176 Abs 1 StGB auch hinsichtlich des Erfolges Vorsatz erfordern, die für die Strafbemessung bedeutsame Frage, ob nur Versuch vorliegt.     

Japan＇s ＂unsettling＂ past： Article 11 of San Francisco Peace Treaty and its ramlncatlons

Article 11 of the Treaty of Peace with Japan （San Francisco Peace Treaty） has become a rallying point for some activists and historians in their endeavor to have Japan recognize its ＂war responsibility＂ and redress its ＂unsettled past＂. The provision stipulates Japan＇s acceptance of the ＂judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and of other Allied War Crimes Courts both within and outside Japan＂. The wording of this provision, which is ambiguous enough to leave a room for its re-interpretation later, was a result of a compromise among the World War lI Allies. Yet, neither archival investigation of the article＇s drafting process nor a survey of the opinions of U.S. legal experts in the public international did not prove the validity of the revisionist thesis. Nevertheless, the treaties Japan signed with its former colony （Korea） and belligerent （China） left the settlement of war-related issues obscure, creating a leeway for initiating later controversies. The end of the Cold War heralded the re-evaluation of World War I1 settlements. The subsequently created agitated environment surrounding the historical discussion of Japan＇s so-called ＂unsettled＂ past has been ＂unsettling＂ enough to prevent the Japanese leaders from establishing a uniform interpretation of Article l l, and has added impetus to the movements pressuring Japan to recognize its ＂war responsibility＂. Although interested parties have so far cited Article 11 mainly to demand ＂inaction＂ from Japan, such as to discourage Japanese political leaders from visiting the Yasukuni Shrine, there is a growing indication that some may well utilize it to demand Japan＇s ＂action＂--to pay indemnities to the victims of Japan＇s alleged atrocities through various forms of redress movements.     

Unzulässige Klauseln in Bauträgerverträgen

Die Pflicht zur gesetzeskonformen, ausgewogenen Interessenwahrung in Bautr?gervertr?gen wird bei der Gestaltung der vom Bautr?ger verwendeten Vertragsformbl?tter oftmals verletzt. Konsumentenschutzorganisationen haben diese Praxis kritisiert und die Verwendung gesetzeskonformer Klauseln verlangt. Trotz der vielfach gerechtfertigten Kritik darf die Forderung nach Konsumentenschutz nicht dazu führen, dass es für den Bautr?ger unm?glich wird, die in der Natur des Bautr?gergesch?ftes liegenden grundlegenden Gestaltungs- und Abwicklungskriterien im zul?ssigen Rahmen anzuwenden.     

租赁房屋装饰装修物的归属及利益返还——对法释[2009]11号关于租赁房屋之装饰装修及其法律后果的规定的评论

法释[2009]11号第9条至第13条关于租赁房屋之装饰装修及其法律后果的规定,几乎难见不当得利规则,实属不当。在解释论的层面,应当允许当事人援用我国《民法通则》关于不当得利的规定,同时不排斥当事人援用我国现行法关于侵权责任、违约责任、缔约过失责任及过失相抵、风险负担的规定。在立法论的层面,未来应修正法释[2009]11号的有关规定。     

“The Empire Strikes Back”: The US Assault on the International Human Rights Regime

We argue that the post-9/11 environment has amounted to a substantive change in the longstanding United States relationship with the international human rights regime. We identify three distinct phases of that relationship, noting that in the most recent phase, since 9/11, the US has moved from passive support of the international human rights regime to a direct attack of that regime. Realist and liberal regime theories suggest that the human rights regime is relatively weak, and is unlikely to withstand such an attack. We find that the regime has not only continued to persist, but has flourished even as US support has faltered. The human rights regime is surprisingly strong. We argue it is the ideological nature of the regime that explains its resilience, which suggests that constructivist theory is necessary to fully understand the human rights regime.