《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》中精神伤残程度司法鉴定相关问题探讨

在法医精神病学鉴定实践中,精神伤残的评定越来越多。现行《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》标准中关于精神伤残评定的相关条款过于笼统,可操作性差,常因认识不一致而产生歧义。本文结合典型案例主要从三个方面对精神伤残司法鉴定中常见问题进行探讨:(1)在评定智力缺损程度时,应结合伤前智商进行评定;(2)精神伤残评定的时间应在医疗终结后一年;(3)精神伤残评定中应引入量表进行客观评价。     

Justice Beliefs in School: Distinguishing Ultimate and Immanent Justice

This paper combines two recent developments in just world research: the conception of belief in a just world (BJW) as a resource for coping and well-being in everyday life, and the distinction between two different facets of BJW, namely belief in immanent justice (BIJ) and belief in ultimate justice (BUJ). Moreover, these two aspects are adapted to the school context and educational psychology. Scales for measuring ultimate and immanent justice in schools were developed within a German pilot reform project with a sample of 1274 pupils. The two facets could be distinguished by means of factor analysis. The reliability of the two scales is satisfactory, and their validity is confirmed by their differential correlational patterns. Results show that not every form of BJW automatically functions as a coping resource. In fact, only BUJ is able to protect pupils' mental well-being, whereas immanent justice can actually jeopardize well-being. Similarly, BUJ is associated with the perception of solidarity and learning enjoyment in class, whereas BIJ is more closely associated with the experience of rivalry and competition in class. Finally, the socialization of the two justice beliefs is considered. The cross-sectional data provide some evidence to suggest that friendly and supportive parenting styles can promote BUJ, whereas strict parenting styles may further BIJ. More longitudinal research is needed to obtain further insights into these phenomena.     

精神病犯服刑能力评定量表研究

目的制订符合中国法律体系的精神病犯服刑能力评定量表。方法根据鉴定实践,结合中国法律,研究者首先创建了称为“精神病犯服刑能力评定量表”的评定工具,然后再回顾性运用该工具,通过诊断性实验,对该工具的信度、效度及实用性进行了检验。结果该量表同质性信度为0.8779,量表评定与专家评定一致性为0.909,除了阴性似然比为0.0683,其他诊断性指标均大于0.80。结论精神病犯服刑能力评定量表具有较好的实用性。     

武汉洪山“2004·1·8”盗案心理测试剖析

2004年1月8日,武汉市洪山区朱女士的30万元现金在轿车后备箱被盗,洪山警方接警调查后盗案是否成立存在着两种相反意见,湖北警官学院对朱女士采用测谎仪测试得出盗案事实成立的结论。洪山警方迅速立案调查,又由湖北警官学院对嫌疑对象作测谎测试,作案人刘海军浮出水面,在铁证面前,刘海军交代作案经过,全案告破。心理测试在侦破此案中发挥了十分重要作用,其经验是多方面的,但同时也有教训,走过一些弯路。     

论国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿

《国家赔偿法》开辟了国家救济的新途径,对国家行政机关违法行使权力设置了有效制约机制。本文对审判实践中涉及《国家赔偿法》的问题进行了探讨,并着重阐述了建立国家侵权精神损害赔偿制度的必要性、可行性,以及建立国家侵权精神损害赔偿制度的原则、范围及确认依据。     

论侵害人格权之获益返还——兼论《侵权责任法》第20条的适用

侵害他人人格权获得利润,本为现今之普遍现象。但是如何处置此种不当获益,乃民法上之重大课题。我国《侵权责任法》第20条对此设有较为周全之规定,但未言明该请求权之性质,对其适用恐嫌不妥。因此,以批判的观点检讨现行立法及学说的规定,认为其实质上是不法管理制度,并认为其适用范围仅限于人格权受侵害之财产损失,不及于精神损害。同时明确其构成要件和法律效果,明确其与侵权损害赔偿请求权及权益侵害不当得利请求权的关系,至为关键。     

刑侦过程中如何识别与发现精神异常的作案者

由于具有不同于普通人的病理性心理活动,很多精神障碍者的违法犯罪行为同样也表现出了异于普通人犯罪的特点。刑侦人员如果熟悉和掌握这些特点,对于在刑侦过程中及时发现和识别精神异常的作案者具有极为重要的现实意义。     

Performance Management in Australia's Public Mental Health Service: A State Based Perspective

This article investigates the implementation of key performance indicators (KPIs) in Western Australia's public mental health system. A nationally agreed performance measurement framework forms part of the much needed reform now taking place within Australia. However, progress in the effective monitoring and reporting of KPIs is slow in most states, including Western Australia. The authors report on the results of a selective case study involving semi‐structured interviews with mental health administrators and offer a more nuanced insight into the intricacies and difficulties involved in performance measurement reform. The principal finding is that effective performance measurement and reporting can be internally problematic, particularly within a fragmented and networked system. This tends to give rise to a conformance‐only approach to performance measurement.     

The Ratio of 6β‐Hydroxycortisol to Cortisol in Urine as a Measure of Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Postmortem Cases

Poisoning can occur with chronic accumulation of a drug due to reduced metabolic capacity; conversely, under‐treatment may occur due to an increased metabolic rate. Over half of all drugs are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A complex (CYP3A). The activity of CYP3A can be assessed by the urinary ratio of 6β‐hydroxycortisol to cortisol. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of this ratio as a postmortem marker for determining whether altered CYP3A enzyme activity occurred prior to death. In a series of 244 postmortem cases, this ratio ranged from 0.014 to 78.6 (median 3.50). The median was significantly higher (5.14) in a subgroup of 28 cases that exhibited the presence of CYP3A‐inducing drugs. In cirrhosis, the median ratio was 1.69. This pointed to a reduced metabolic capacity of CYP3A. Thus, the ratio may constitute a rough indicator of the CYP3A metabolic capacity, which could be of value in special cases.     

Death Due to Complications of Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

Ectodermal dysplasia comprises a group of disorders affecting ectodermal tissues. Severity depends on the genetic aberration; hyperpyrexia secondary to absence of sweat glands is a common complication. Treatment is supportive. This case report describes a 1‐month, 27‐day‐old male infant with a diagnosis of X‐linked recessive anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. On the day of his death, his mother swaddled him in a blanket and placed him on the couch at 5:30 am. When she picked him up at 8:00 am, he was unresponsive. At the emergency department, his rectal temperature was 40°C. Postmortem blood culture was positive for group B streptococcus, a possible etiology for fever. It is vital to teach parents that close monitoring of children with ectodermal dysplasia is necessary, as an increase in body temperature can become life threatening.