The social,relational and mental health characteristics of justice-involved men in the south-west England

The aim of this article is to describe the social, relational and mental health characteristics of a sample of offenders serving prison or community sentences in the south-west England. About 100 adult male offenders were screened for anxiety and depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), drug and alcohol dependence, and likely personality disorder using validated instruments. Fifty-eight per cent of the sample reported at least one common mental health problem, of these only 26% reported receiving treatment. Participants exposed to traumatic events and/or participants with past mental health problems were more likely to score positive for current common mental health problems. Our study identified factors that may increase the risk of a first episode or recurrent anxiety and/or depression for offenders. Health and criminal justice services should create partnerships and develop interventions that address the risk factors which lead and/or contribute to offenders' mental health difficulties.     

Stigma and discrimination in mentally disordered offender patients – a comparison with a non-forensic population

High levels of stigma and discrimination are reported by individuals with mental health problems. Aim: To assess self-reported levels of stigma and discrimination in forensic psychiatric patients, with psychotic illness, compared with general adult psychiatric patients with psychosis. Hypothesis: Individuals with a history of violent offending, as well as severe mental illness, report more stigma and discrimination, than non offender patients, as a result of them being perceived as dangerous and unpredictable. Method: Experiences of stigma and discrimination were compared in 32 forensic and 32 non-forensic general psychiatric patients, with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, using the Stigma and Discrimination Scale (DISC). Results: Stigma and discrimination were widely reported by all patients, particularly affecting relationships with family, intimate relationships and friendships. No significant difference emerged between the forensic and non-forensic patients, in experienced or anticipated stigma. Conclusions: We suggest that the lower level of psycho pathology, longer inpatient stays and intensive rehabilitation for forensic patients may reduce the extent to which these patients experience stigma and discrimination.     

汶川震后的灾难心理救援对策与思考

本文从心理学和行为学的角度分析了汶川地震灾害带给灾区民众的各阶段的压力反应特征,在此基础上研究并提出了此次地震灾害心理救援的基本对策,以期灾难发生后能快速实施心理救援和救助,减少灾民的心理痛苦,尽快恢复社会秩序。     

天行健，君子以自强不息

《周易》是儒家文化的经典之一,被誉为“群经之首”。“天行健,君子以自强不息”是《周易》典籍最闪耀的思想,是中华民族精神和时代精神的重要内容。今天,对在校大学生来说,如何实现自强,做到自强不息,文章从四个方面加以论述,即自知自信是自强的前提,理想信念是自强的力量之源,身心健康是自强不息的基础,奋发进取是自强不息的核心内容。     

人格因素对监管警察心理健康的影响

本研究采用问卷法和访谈法,以黑龙江省哈尔滨市和齐齐哈尔市479名在职监管警察为被试,发放由人口统计学资料、16PF人格因素量表和SCL-90量表组成的题本,集中施测.运用SPSS13.0统计分析软件包对测试数据进行处理,得出如下结论:监管警察的心理健康水平低于中国常模,且与中国常模差异显著;不同群体监管警察心理健康状况存在差异;监管警察的人格因素与中国常模存在差异;不同群体监管警察人格因素存在差异;人格因素对监管警察心理健康有影响.     

Preventing Homelessness for System‐Involved Youth

Too many youth and young adults find themselves on the streets, couch‐surfing with friends, in emergency shelters or worse, after exiting the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. In some circumstances, youth have had court hearings until their exit from the legal system, but those hearings have not focused on long‐range plans of youth and emergencies youth may encounter. In other circumstances, there has been little or no planning prior to discharge, especially for young people who leave the juvenile justice system. Courts can and should prevent, alleviate or end youth homelessness for youth who appear before them through strategies that are enumerated in the recently‐passed NCJFCJ resolution. This article expounds on three of these strategies – coordinating transition and re‐entry plans, insisting on effective legal representation of youth, and utilizing sound judicial leadership. It also describes the concurrent efforts of the Coalition for Juvenile Justice and the American Bar Association's Homeless Youth Legal Network to remove legal barriers and improve outcomes for youth and young adults experiencing homelessness.     

Insane Sex Offenders: Psychiatric and Legal Characteristics of Sexual Offenders Found Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity

There is little known about sexual offenders hospitalized under forensic commitment statutes such as not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI). We conducted a chart review to delineate the demographic, clinical, and legal characteristics of NGRI sexual offenders (n = 68) committed to the California Department of State Hospitals—Napa, including 41 found NGRI for a sexual offense and 27 found NGRI for a nonsexual offense. The two groups did not differ significantly in their demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, victim characteristics, or recidivism risk as measured by the Static‐99R. Those found NGRI for a sexual offense were older at the time of their first criminal and first violent offense, younger at the time of their committing offense, and had fewer prior total convictions and sexual offense convictions. These findings may indicate that sexual offenders found NGRI for a sexual offense are less antisocial than those found NGRI for a nonsexual offense.     

Do the Mental Health Consequences of Sexual Victimization Differ Between Males and Females? A General Strain Theory Approach

Sexual assault is a traumatizing event linked to numerous mental health consequences. Although extant research has thoroughly examined the collateral consequences experienced by females, limited literature exists regarding how sexual violence comparatively affects males and females. Using data from the National Violence Against Women Survey (1995–1996) and a strain theoretical framework, the current study addresses this research gap to understand the effects of sexual assault and sex on depression. Results indicate that victims of sexual assault have higher depression scores than persons who have not been sexually assaulted in their lifetime. Moreover, we found no sex effect for sexual assault on depression. The methodology used eliminated a bias typically associated with regression analyses, caused from statistical inference after improper model selection. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

行政机关侵犯公民名誉权及精神损害赔偿责任

虽然我国现行的行政法律制度并未在行政侵权赔偿责任中确认精神损害赔偿,但违法的行政行为可以构成对公民名誉权的侵犯,并造成精神损害,在确立法治行政原则的现代社会,行政侵权赔偿中肯定精神损害赔偿,有利于衡平公共权力与公民权利,在全社会确立民主法治意识。