温振运理方治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭临床研究

目的 观察温振运理方治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure,CHF）的疗效。方法 将69例冠心病CHF患者随机分为治疗组35例及对照组34例,对照组给予西药常规抗心力衰竭治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予温振运理方口服;疗程结束比较两组患者心功能、中医症状疗效、6 min步行距离、左心射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、尿水通道蛋白2（aquaporin-2,AQP2）及血脑钠肽（B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP）、血管加压素（arginine vasopressin,AVP）含量的变化。结果 治疗后治疗组疾病疗效及中医症状疗效均优于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗组6 min步行距离、BNP、AVP、AQP2及LVEF水平均显著改善,且优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 温振运理方联合常规西药治疗能有效提高心功能,纠正心力衰竭症状及指标的同时改善了患者生活质量。     

温肺化痰方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者外周血中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶、表皮生长因子受体表达的影响

目的 观察温肺化痰方药对痰湿蕴肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）急性加重期患者外周血中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（neutrophil elastase,NE）和表皮生长因子受体（epithelial growth factor receptor,EGFR）表达的影响。方法 将60例COPD急性加重期痰湿蕴肺证患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。两组患者均接受西医基础治疗,治疗组加用温肺化痰方药,对照组加用氨溴索针剂,10 d为1个疗程。观察并比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后分别检测两组患者血清NE、EGFR水平。结果 两组临床疗效的分布比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗组优于对照组;与治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清NE和EGFR均显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗组血清EGFR降低值显著小于对照组（P<0.05）。结论温肺化痰方药可能通过调节NE、EGFR的表达,改善COPD急性加重期患者的气道黏液高分泌状态。     

大豆异黄酮对阿尔茨海默病大鼠乙酰胆碱代谢的影响

目的 观察大豆异黄酮（soybean isoflavone,SIF）对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer''s disease,AD）模型大鼠海马乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine,ACh）代谢的影响,探讨SIF治疗AD的作用机制。方法 将50只大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,戊酸雌二醇组和SIF高、低剂量组,采用双侧海马注射β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein,Aβ)复制AD大鼠模型,分别给药21 d后,采用Morris水迷宫实验观察大鼠学习记忆能力的变化,免疫组织化学法检测大鼠海马组织ACh、胆碱乙酰转移酶（choline acetyl transferase,ChAT）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholine esterase,AchE）的表达。结果 SIF可显著降低AD大鼠的逃避潜伏期（P<0.01）,显著增加AD大鼠的游泳时间百分比、穿过平台次数以及海马组织ACh、ChAT、AchE的表达（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 SIF可能通过增强海马组织ACh的代谢起到提高学习记忆能力的作用。     

基于经络平衡的电导法经络测量分析方法对慢性肾病的诊断价值研究

目的 基于经络平衡理论,探究电导法经络测量值的分析方法,考察其对慢性肾病的诊断价值。方法 纳入健康人群82例和慢性肾病人群222例,采用电导法测量手足井穴和原穴的电阻值,分别计算原穴阴阳比值、井穴阴阳比值、原穴手足比值、井穴手足比值、原穴左右比值、井穴左右比值,采用接收者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic, ROC）曲线考察两组差异具有统计学意义的比值对慢性肾病的诊断价值。结果 两组人群在井穴阴阳比值、原穴手足比值方面比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ROC曲线显示井穴阴阳比值的曲线下面积（area under curve, AUC）为0.618,95% CI为［0.537,0.699］（P<0.05）,原穴手足比值的AUC为0.727,95% CI为［0.655,0.800］（P<0.01）。井穴阴阳比值的最优切点是1.16,灵敏度为0.64,特异度为0.52,原穴手足比值最优切点是1.04,灵敏度为0.68,特异度为0.72。结论 慢性肾病患者的经络平衡处于阴盛阳衰、上盛下衰状态,基于经络平衡的电导法经络测量分析方法具有较好的临床诊断效能。     

One Small Step at a Time: Implementing Continuous Quality Improvement in Child and Youth Mental Health Services

Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is increasingly being adopted by health care, including child and youth mental health services. As part of the commitment to ongoing quality improvement, child and youth mental health teams in the Fraser region in British Columbia undertook CQI projects over a one year period (2007–2008). The projects covered a range of domains and service features and staff gained experience in developing projects. Patience, management support and ongoing dialogue were key elements in the implementation of CQI. Three projects are highlighted to illustrate how teams developed their own unique projects and the outcomes.     

When There Is No Blueprint: The Provision of Mental Health Services in Alternative School Programs for Suspended and Expelled Youth

A variety of alternative programs are being implemented in Canada and the United States for students who have exhibited conduct problems and who are suspended or expelled from their schools. Given the complexity of issues that these students frequently face, treatment must be multifaceted, wrap-around, delivered by trained professionals and be targeted to these students' unique biopsychosocial needs. This article reviews the literature on delivery of mental health services within the broader school-based context. Specific mental health issues endemic in the high-risk adolescent demographic are highlighted, and implications for mental health professionals, particularly psychologists, working with such individuals are discussed. Suggestions are made with respect to screening and assessment instruments and treatment.     

Attitudes toward mental health services among homeless and matched housed youth

Homeless youth experience high rates of mental health problems yet they under-utilize mental health services. The present study surveyed 56 homeless youth and 97 matched at-risk housed youth on their attitudes toward mental health services, and investigated the link between social support and attitudes. Results showed groups shared similar neutral to positive attitudes. Higher levels of social support were associated with increased positive attitudes toward services. Further analyses found that lesbian/gay/bisexual/questioning youth held more positive attitudes compared to heterosexual youth. Implications of the current study can assist service providers with eliminating barriers and increasing mental health service use.     

以新型冠状病毒肺炎为例探讨中医体质与外感疾病的关系

新型冠状病毒肺炎属于中医学外感疾病中“疫病”范畴,同一邪气侵入人体,由于个体体质的不同,疾病的发生、发展、预后都会有所差异。以新型冠状病毒肺炎为例,不同体质的人对外邪的易感性不同,可根据体质对易感人群进行“未病先防”;体质因素影响疾病传变的趋向,可通过调理偏颇体质而避免从化,以达“既病防变”;体质类型不同,预后也有差异,调理好个体自身气血阴阳偏颇之根本,才能“瘥后防复”。     

针刺阳陵泉对不同病程缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者脑效应机制研究

目的 基于功能磁共振成像技术探究针刺阳陵泉对不同病程缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者的脑效应机制。方法 筛选纳入损伤以单侧基底节区和（或）放射冠为主的40例缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者分为长病程组24例、短病程组16例。对所有受试者进行1次fMRI扫描,扫描期间给予针刺患侧阳陵泉干预,持续1 Hz的频率平补平泻捻针1分钟,留针8分钟出针。选取双侧半球的辅助运动区（SMA）、背侧运动前区（PMd）、腹侧运动前区（PMv）、初级运动区（M1）共计8个种子点,计算并对比静息态及针刺态下每对种子点之间的功能连接强度的变化及与FMA的相关性。结果 静息态时,长病程组PMv-R与SMA-L之间功能连接度强于短病程组（P＜0.05）;针刺态时,长病程组中SMA-L与PMv-L之间功能连接弱于静息态时（P＜0.05）,短病程组中SMA-L与SMA-R、PMv-R之间、SMA-R与PMd-R之间、PMv-R与PMv-L之间功能连接强于静息态（P＜0.05）;针刺态时,长病程组和短病程组间各对种子点对在针刺态下和全组各对种子点在静息态与针刺态下之间功能连接强度差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);长病程组中,针刺态时下肢FMA评分与健侧PMd-L—M1-L之间功能连接强度呈负相关（r=-0.411, P＜0.05）;短病程组中,静息态时下肢FMA评分与PMd-L—M1-L、PMv-R—M1-R之间功能连接强度呈负相关（r=-0.588及r=-0.542,P＜0.05）;在全组中,静息态时下肢FMA评分与PMv-R—M1-R之间功能连接强度呈负相关（r=-0.432, P＜0.05）;上下肢FMA总分与PMv-R—M1-R之间功能连接强度呈负相关（r=-0.319, P＜0.05）。结论 不同病程脑卒中偏瘫患者在接受针刺患侧阳陵泉后在脑结构重组及脑功能重塑的过程中有着差异性的表现,激活的脑区也存在差别,病程时间越长的患者,其大脑病灶侧PMv与健侧SMA之间存在更强的功能连接。针刺阳陵泉时,脑区功能连接在双侧SMA、PMd、PMv、M1之间有特定的效应靶点,可能是改善患者运动功能障碍和神经缺损程度的作用机制之一。     

1 601例盆腔炎性疾病及其后遗症患者中医证型分布特征

目的 探究盆腔炎性疾病（pelvic inflammatory disease,PID）和盆腔炎性疾病后遗症（sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease,SPID）患者中医证型分布特征。方法 以成都中医药大学附属医院为牵头单位,通过横断面调查,对全国17个省、自治区、直辖市的22家医院的1 601例PID和SPID患者（其中PID患者874例,SPID患者727例）的中医证候特征进行分析。结果 PID以湿热蕴结证（占40.96%）、湿热瘀结证（占30.32%）、瘀热内结证（占10.64%）、热毒炽盛证（占7.89%）为常见证型;盆腔炎性疾病反复发作急性期以湿热瘀结证（占22.39%）、气滞血瘀夹湿热证（占22.39%）为常见证型;SPID非急性加重期以湿热瘀结证（占38.52%）为常见证型;其中慢性盆腔疼痛、盆腔炎性疾病反复发作、不孕症以湿热瘀结证为常见证型。PID患者湿热蕴结证、湿热瘀结证在所有地区的分布频率均较高,瘀热内结证、热毒炽盛证在西南地区分布较多;SPID患者的证型中,西南、华中、华南地区以湿热瘀结证、气滞血瘀证较多见,气虚血瘀证在华中、西北地区分布频率较高,肾虚血瘀证在华东、华北地区分布频率较高,寒湿凝滞证在西北、东北地区分布较多;中医证型与地区分布的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 PID和SPID中医证型分布具有一定规律性,地区分布存在一定差异性,可为临床因地制宜地辨证治疗PID提供一定的参考依据。