两种包装方式对小体积生物检材DNA检验的影响

目的探讨一种适用于小体积生物物证检材的包装方式。方法选择M4型螺丝钉作为研究对象,经去污消毒处理,通过手握方式转移人体脱落细胞到其表面,对螺丝钉采用两种不同的包装方式(滤纸包裹和悬空固定),经KingFisher Flex自动提取工作站进行DNA提取,从基因座等位基因检出情况、STR分型谱带峰高、均衡性等方面比较两种包装方式对螺丝钉上DNA检出率的影响。结果悬空固定包装螺丝钉实验组获得的STR分型谱带峰高、均衡性等方面均优于滤纸包裹包装实验组,其在基因座检出数量、分型完全相同样本数及有效分型样本数方面也多于滤纸包裹包装实验组。结论为降低微量生物检材DNA二次转移造成的损耗,提高小体积生物检材DNA的检出率,建议对小体积生物检材采用悬空固定方式进行物证包装。     

MiniFiler试剂盒运用于法医微量物证的检验

目的应用MiniFiler试剂盒对法医微量物证进行DNA分析。方法采用MiniFiler试剂盒对样本进行DNA分型,确定样本9个STR基因座的等位基因型。结果10pg DNA模板经MiniFiler试剂盒扩增后,能够进行DNA分型,但40pg以上的DNA方可得到稳定可靠的分型结果。结论MiniFiler试剂盒可以用于法医微量物证的STR分析。     

Automated washing of FTA Card punches and PCR setup for reference samples using a LIMS-controlled Sias Xantus automated liquid handler

We have implemented and validated automated methods for washing FTA Card punches containing buccal samples and subsequent PCR setup using a Sias Xantus automated liquid handler. The automated methods were controlled by worklists generated by our LabWare Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). The protocols were validated according to EN/ISO 17025 for use with STR amplifications kits AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® and Y-filer^® (Applied Biosystems).     

Higher Capillary Electrophoresis Injection Settings as an Efficient Approach to Increase the Sensitivity of STR Typing

Abstract:  Evidentiary traces may contain low quantities of DNA, and regularly incomplete short tandem repeat (STR) profiles are obtained. In this study, higher capillary electrophoresis injection settings were used to efficiently improve incomplete STR profiles generated from low-level DNA samples under standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. The method involves capillary electrophoresis with higher injection voltage and extended injection time. STR peak heights increased six-fold. Inherent to the analysis of low-level DNA samples, we observed stochastic amplification artifacts, mainly in the form of allele dropout and heterozygous peak imbalance. Increased stutter ratios and allele drop-in were rarely seen. Upon STR typing of 10:1 admixed samples, the profile of the major component did not become overloaded when using higher injection settings as was observed upon elevated cycling. Thereby an improved profile of the minor component was obtained. For low-level DNA casework samples, we adhere to independent replication of the PCR amplification and boosted capillary electrophoresis.     

脱落上皮细胞类生物检材的自动化提取

目的建立一种自动化提取脱落上皮细胞类生物检材DNA的方法。方法附着于不同载体上的脱落上皮细胞类生物检材共278份,应用Eppendorf epMotion 5075LH工作站结合DNA IQTM系统提取模板DNA,并用Identifiler试剂盒进行STR检验。结果在278份被检的生物检材,其中126份检材获得13个基因座以上的STR分型,不同类型的检材其检出率不相同,最高达73.44%,最低为10.89%。结论脱落上皮细胞类检材应用自动化工作站提取DNA模板可在法医日常检案中广泛应用。     

签名笔迹量化检验研究用实验样本的设计与收集

本文在全面说明签名笔迹特点的基础上,阐述了签名笔迹特征层次结构模型的核心内容,重点探讨开展签名笔迹量化检验研究用实验样本的方案设计,收集方法与范围。同时,提出实验样本的设计与搜集应本着“贴近实战,服务办案”的原则,并具体设计了签名笔迹量化检验研究用实验样本的设计方案与具体内容,提出广泛收集具有代表性实验样本的具体要求。另外,提出了研究用实验样本筛选方法和扫描输入计算机具体要求。科学合理的设计与收集签名笔迹量化检验研究用实验样本,才能确保签名笔迹量化检验研究具体分析与统计结果的科学性和实用性。     

固相微萃取在苯丙胺类毒品分析中的应用

固相微萃取(solid phase microextraction, SPME)作为一种新型样品前处理技术已受到广泛关注。由于SPME集采样、萃取、浓缩、进样于一体,克服了传统样品前处理技术步骤繁琐、耗时耗力、所需样品量大等诸多缺点,因此在对生物样品中毒品等目标物的分析中具有巨大的应用潜力。本文以纤维SPME技术为例,综述了该技术在苯丙胺类毒品分析中的研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

生物检材中氯胺酮及其代谢物的检测

近年来氯胺酮的滥用越来越普遍,建立快速、准确的检测方法越来越重要。氯胺酮在生物体内的代谢物主要有去甲氯胺酮、脱氢去甲氯胺酮等。目前,常用的生物检材有血液、尿液、毛发等。常用的检测方法有气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、高效毛细管电泳法等。本文参考近年来的相关文献对生物检材中氯胺酮及其代谢物的检测方法作一综述,为法医毒物分析等相关领域提供参考。     

国产法医DNA检验试剂耗材检测DNA标准品的准确性研究

目的利用法医DNA标准品对自主研发的法医DNA检验试剂耗材进行电泳检测准确性的实验考查。方法实验平台分为2个：平台1全部由美国AppliedBiosystems公司进口的3130xl遗传分析仪、16道电泳毛细管与甲酰胺、电泳缓冲液、凝胶构成;平台2由AppliedBiosystems公司进口的3130xl遗传分析仪、16道电泳毛细管与本实验室研发的甲酰胺、电泳缓冲液、凝胶构成。在实验平台上对allelicladder、内标等标准品以及阳性对照9947a的STR复合扩增产物进行电泳检测,利用GeneMapper软件对电泳结果进行分析。结果自主研发的法医DNA检验试剂耗材可与国外进口的3130xl遗传分析仪配套使用,构建的实验平台对法医DNA标准品的检测结果准确无误。结论自主研发的甲酰胺、电泳缓冲液、凝胶等法医DNA检验试剂耗材检测准确性达到了国外同类产品水平。     

Chronic Offenders or Socially Disadvantaged Youth? Institutionalized Males as Missing Cases in School‐based Delinquency Research

Previous criminological studies comparing institutional youth populations with community samples have for the most part focused on youths institutionalized primarily as a result of involvements in delinquency. The present study compares levels of social disadvantage and criminal involvement within a nationally representative sample of Swedish schoolboys with those of a national population of institutionalized males that includes both serious young offenders and youths institutionalized for other reasons. Whilst at the aggregate level, mean levels of offending are higher within the institutional sample, the institutional population includes youths from across the entire range of levels of offending. Levels of social disadvantage are substantially elevated among the institutionalized males by comparison with the school sample. The study notes that institutionalized samples, where these include both young offenders and youths institutionalized for other reasons, may provide a fruitful ground for life‐course research into the way involvements in crime interact with other indicators of social disadvantage to affect the likelihood of continued marginalization into adulthood.