我国农民工就业歧视问题的心理学解释

农民工在城市就业所遭遇的歧视可以从心理学的角度进行剖析。歧视源于偏见,偏见产生的原因在于社会群体的利害冲突、社会化、个体人格和心理因素,偏见会产生预言的自我实现和疏离。要想消除偏见必须消除刻板印象、增加平等的接触并树立共同命运的意识,而且要制定有助于消除偏见的社会规范。     

Cognitive limitations and affirmative action: The effects of aggregate versus sequential data in the perception of discrimination

The present experiment examined whether or not relatively simple cognitive and information-processing limitations may prevent us from recognizing instances of organizational discrimination. It was hypothesized that the perception of discrimination would be more difficult when the relevant information had been presented in a case-by-case basis rather than in aggregate format. The obtained results provided strong support for the original hypothesis. Subjects who had been presented with company data in aggregate format provided significantly higher ratings of discrimination than those subjects for whom the information had been presented in sequential form. The implications of these findings to the policy of affirmative action are also discussed.     

9个犬STR基因座在犬类鉴定中的应用

目的建立犬的复合扩增体系对犬进行个体识别和亲权鉴定。方法用建立的犬复合扩增体系进行PCR反应,用ABI310型遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测。结果鉴定结果表明,9个犬STR基因座复合扩增体系,各个基因座扩增平衡,结果稳定。结论9个犬STR基因座复合扩增体系可以进行犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

“哀其不幸,怒其不争”新读——以农民工媒介形象为例

媒介歧视现象破坏了媒体客观、公正的报道原则,给大众造成了认知上的混乱。农民工的产生为社会提供了大量的媒介资源和新闻源。大众传媒作为社会系统的一个子系统怎样应对值得深思:它既可以产生出以人文关怀为主的大众传媒的新语境,也可能由于某种利益的驱使,出现标签化、概念化污名化的现象。如何确立和保持人的尊严?如何寻找失落的自我?无论怎样,人的关怀都应是一个现代社会的基本品格。为了社会的安定和谐,为了全民素质的提高,亦为了利益最大化的实现,媒介有不可推卸的责任,我们应当对此作出理性选择。     

一个值得重视的社会问题--女性违法犯罪

当前女性犯罪的特征主要有性罪错是女性违法犯罪的基本类型;女性实施暴力违法犯罪是值得注意的一个新动向;女性作案的手段诡密隐蔽;低龄化趋势已成为明显的特点;女性是违法犯罪团伙中的粘合剂.预防女性违法犯罪一是加强教育,提高女性的整体素质;二是全社会重视,积极创造预防女性违法犯罪的条件;三是加强基层组织建设,充分发挥其预防女性违法犯罪的作用;四是政法部门应当大力配合,做好对妇女的"维权"工作.     

THE GOODS AND SERVICES DIRECTIVE: LIMITATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES

The Goods and Services Directive adopted in December 2004 is the very first European Community instrument to implement the principle of gender equality outside the workplace. As such it has the potential to close an important gap in European Union law. This note, however, contends that the limited scope of application of the Directive, together with doubts surrounding its legal base and position within the overall gender equality framework of the Union, have significantly undermined its potential. Nevertheless, it is suggested that for the future, should these criticisms be adequately addressed, then the Directive may provide an important platform for the wider diffusion of the gender equality principle beyond the sphere of European employment law. Council Directive 2004/113/EC of 13 December 2004 implementing the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services OJ L373 (2004) 37     

“警察”，“公安”与“治安”概念辨析

"警察"与"公安"是既有联系又有区别的两个概念."警察"概念,既可以作名词用,又可以作动词用,指国家或政府中负责社会治安行政管理和刑事执法职能的专门机构、人员力量及其职务行为或实践活动过程."公安"概念是一个状态名词,指"公共安全"或"公共安宁",表示社会秩序安宁的状态."公安"概念如果不加"人员"、"队伍"、"机关"、"工作"等主语词,就很难说是指"警察".从现代社会治安实践与理论发展的趋势和要求看,我们必须在广义和狭义两个层面上使用"治安"概念.我们在使用"警察"、"公安"与"治安"概念时,必须根据具体语言环境正确处理好科学规范与使用习惯的关系.     

Fighting Housing Discrimination in Europe

ABSTRACT

There is no exact European equivalent to the U.S. Fair Housing Act. The member states of the European Union (EU) have transposed into law the EU Racial Equality Directive of 2000 that prohibits discrimination in, among other things, access to the supply of goods and services, including housing, on the basis of race. Most housing discrimination case law so far comes from nonbinding decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and European Committee of Social Rights under the revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe. This article explains how the European context of discrimination and segregation differs from the American, reviews the major legal conventions establishing equal rights in housing, protected classes, and key precedents. It discusses how mixing policies in social housing are the primary mechanism to reduce residential segregation in Europe. The special case of extreme discrimination against the Roma is presented, before concluding with some comparative observations.     

歧视知觉对社区矫正对象社会疏离的影响机制研究——基于身份认同整合和社会支持的中介效应

社区矫正对象的社会疏离关乎个体发展和社会稳定，是推进平安中国建设的重 要内容。基于2019年S市社区矫正对象的调查数据，从身份认同整合和社会支持视角，探究歧视知觉对社区矫正对象社会疏离的影响机制。研究发现，歧视知觉对社区矫正对象的社会疏离既存在直接影响，也通过身份认同整合和社会支持两个中介变量产生间接影响。身份认同整合和社会支持在歧视知觉与社会疏离之间起到自我转化和外在保护的作用。因此，在外在歧视无法完全消除之下，为了缓解社区矫正对象的社会疏离，应注重提升个体的自我身份认同整合，增强社区矫正对象的有益支持，从而促进其顺利回归社会。     

Yesterday's war; tomorrow's technology: peer commentary on ‘Ethical,legal, social and policy issues in the use of genomic technologies by the US military’

A recent article by Maxwell J. Mehlman and Tracy Yeheng Li, in the Journal of Law and the Biosciences, sought to examine the ethical, legal, social, and policy issues associated with the use of genetic screening and germ-line therapies (‘genomic technologies’) by the US Military. In this commentary, we will elaborate several related matters: the relationship between genetic and non-genetic screening methods, the history of selection processes and force strength, and the consequences and ethics of, as Mehlman and Li suggest, engineering enhanced soldiers. We contend, first, that the strengths of genomic testing as a method of determining enrollment in the armed forces has limited appeal, given the state of current selection methods in the US armed forces. Second, that the vagaries of genetic selection, much like other forms of selection that do not bear causally or reliably on soldier performance (such as race, gender, and sexuality), pose a systematic threat to force strength by limiting the (valuable) diversity of combat units. Third, that the idea of enhancing warfighters through germ-line interventions poses serious ethical issues in terms of the control and ownership of ‘enhancements’ when members separate from service.