湖北地区德国牧羊犬10个微卫星DNA基因座遗传多态性研究

目的研究85头德国牧羊犬的10个基因座多态性。方法选用美国应用生物系统公司的10个商用犬微卫星基因座荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒进行PCR、并进行统计学分析。结果对85头德国牧羊犬的10个基因座的多态性研究表明,10个基因座累积DP值在0.9999972,非父排除率在0.9399,微卫星DNA基因座PEZ6、PEZ8、FHC2054的等位基因数均在8个以上,DP值接近或超过0.9,杂合度接近或超过0.7,能有效地应用犬的个体识别和亲权关系鉴定,其它7个基因座均未达到理想的个体识别和亲权鉴定使用条件。结论联合使用多个犬微卫星基因座,可以用于犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

共同非法占有公共财产犯罪的定性辨析

具有不同主体身份的共同犯罪人非法占有公共财产,如何定性处罚,刑法学界长期以来对此问题争论不休,存在分别定罪说、主犯决定说、实行犯决定说、贪污共犯特别规定说及区别对待说等诸多理论观点,至今难有定论。实务部门可遵循的立法和司法解释又存在适用上的歧义。为此,应当以部分犯罪共同说为理论基础,针对不同主体身份的共同犯罪人非法占有公共财产的犯罪定性,确立一个明确而又易于实践操作的判定依据。     

用PCR扩增X-Y-特异片段性别鉴定的研究

采用5%Chelex-100处理方法提取 DNA,用 PCR 扩增 Amelogenin 基因片段检测血痕和毛根的性别。扩增一个样品只需1/10体积3mm~2血痕 Chelex-100处理液或1/10体积一根毛发 Chelex-100处理液(含模板 DNA)。100例血液样品结果显示,在男性可同时显现977bpX 特异片段和788bpY 特异片段,而在女性只观察到977bp X 特异片段,该方法用于性别鉴定可靠、灵敏、方便。     

用α-珠旦白-3’HVR探针研究DNA指纹

用α-珠蛋白-3’HVR探针,经Southern印迹法,对100名不相关个体及4个家系的32名相关个体的DNA指纹进行了检测,所产生的DNA图谱具有高度的个体特异性,在被测的所有个体中无一相同。经统计学计算表明,任意两个个体DNA指纹图重合率为10~(-11)。家系分析毒明,DNA片段严格按照孟德尔方式遗传。该探针的应用,将在法医学亲子鉴定和个人同一认定中发挥重要的作用。     

骨骼个体识别系统的研究

骨骼个体识别系统的研究花锋，田雪梅，孙建军，沈旭昆ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＳｙｓｔｅｍＢａｓｅｄｏｆｔｈｅＩｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｋｅｌｅｔｏｎ￥Ｈｕａｆｅｎｇ；Ｔｉａｎｘｖｅｍｅｉ；Ｓｕｎｊｉａｎｊｕｎ；（...     

医疗事故鉴定相关问题分析

"医疗过失鉴定"概念应当取代"医疗事故鉴定结论"概念。医疗纠纷诉讼中的医疗鉴定机构应当统一为医学会。分析论证我国的医疗鉴定结论证明能力与证明力,结合我国实际提出了相关的立法完善建议。     

分泌抗人红细胞膜单克隆抗体细胞株的建立

以人的红细胞膜为抗原，采用选择性免疫抑制的程序，免疫BALB／C小鼠。经免疫的小鼠脾细胞与SP2／0骨髓瘤细胞融合，用血凝法筛选出3株分泌抗人红细胞膜种属特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤，即M1A7C4．M3A5B7和M3D9F1。连续传代2个月及复苏冻存半年的杂交瘤，仍能稳定地分泌抗人红细胞膜单克隆抗体。初步鉴定证明：该抗体具有稳定的种属特异性，可鉴别人与其它动物，特别是猴的红细胞，不与己知的血型特异性成分交叉，可凝集成人及脐带血的红细胞。     

The forensic examination of photographic equipment and materials

The scientific examination of cameras, negatives and photographic prints can provide valuable evidence. The methods used and examples of their value in criminal cases are given. The background and experience necessary to carry out this work is discussed.     

Three-dimensional surface topography acquisition and analysis for firearm identification

In the last decade, computer-based systems for the comparison of microscopic firearms evidence have been the subject of considerable research work because of their expected capability of supporting the firearms examiner through the automated analysis of large amounts of evidence. The Integrated Ballistics Identification System, which is based on a two-dimensional representation of the specimen surface, has been widely adopted in forensic laboratories worldwide. More recently, some attempts to develop systems based on three-dimensional (3D) representations of the specimen surface have been made, both in the literature and as industrial products, such as BulletTRAX-3D, but fundamental limitations in achieving fully automated identification remain. This work analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of a 3D-based approach by proposing an approach and a prototype system for firearms evidence comparison that is based on the acquisition and analysis of the 3D surface topography of specimens, with particular reference to cartridge cases. The concept of 3D virtual comparison microscope is introduced, whose purpose is not to provide fully automated identification, but to show how the availability of 3D shape information can provide a whole new set of verification means, some of them being described and discussed in this work, specifically, visual enhancement tools and quantitative measurement of shape properties, for supporting, not replacing, the firearm examiner in reaching the final decision.     

Frequencies of morphological characteristics in two contemporary forensic collections: implications for identification

Positive identification relies on comparison of antemortem and postmortem data. Some identifications are based on morphological features such as fracture, pathological condition, and surgical hardware, despite little literature indicating the frequencies of such traits. This study examines whether such features are sufficiently rare as to be deemed individualizing. Data were collected on two modern North American skeletal collections (N=482 individuals). Presence/absence of features was scored by skeletal element and side. Results indicate that frequencies vary by geographic region (higher frequency of fractures and pathological conditions in New Mexico while individuals in Tennessee were more likely to have surgical interventions), many features such as fractures are remarkably common and that even suites of traits may not be individualizing. Caution is warranted when using written data rather than radiographic comparisons as the primary source of identification. The implications of these findings to missing person databases are also discussed.