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181.
A review of the dating violence literature reveals a limited number of studies with high school students and few studies that investigate the contextual issues of violence, such as meaning, motivation, and consequences. The present study sought to investigate the extent of dating violence victimization in a New Zealand sample of senior high school students (aged 16 to 18 years) and the perceived reasons for the violence, emotional effects, disclosure of the violence, and relationship consequences. A questionnaire that contained both open-ended and forced-choice items pertaining to experiences of violence and its consequences was developed using material gathered from focus group discussions with high school students. Findings showed gender similarity in the extent of violence and a number of significant gender differences in the aftermath of violence, particularly in the area of sexual coercion. These findings are discussed in the context of future research and prevention of dating violence. 相似文献
182.
This study explored factors that may be associated with early initiation of sexual activity among adolescents. Using the cumulative
risk model, we hypothesized that as exposure to risk factors increases, so does the likelihood of early sexual debut. A sample
of 273 (53% girls, 90% European American) adolescents was followed longitudinally from age 13 to 15. The results indicate
that, for girls, increased television viewing, low self-esteem, poor parental relationships, living in a non-intact household,
higher levels of externalizing behavior (ADHD symptomology), low academic achievement, and parents with low education levels
were associated with earlier sexual debut. For boys, advanced pubertal development, increased television viewing, higher rates
of externalizing behaviors (ADHD and ODD symptoms), and poor parental relationships were associated with earlier sexual debut.
As hypothesized, predictive power increases with the accumulation of these risks; girls are 1.56 times more likely to become
sexually active with an increase of only one risk and boys are 1.90 times more likely.
相似文献
Myeshia N. PriceEmail: |
183.
Elizabeth Trejos-Castillo Alexander T. Vazsonyi 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(5):719-731
Though official data document that Hispanic youth are at a great risk for early sexual intercourse, STDs, and teen pregnancy,
only few etiological studies have been conducted on Hispanic youth; almost no work has examined potential generational differences
in these behaviors, and thus, these behaviors may have been mistakenly attributed to cultural differences. The current study
examined the relationships between maternal parenting (general communication, communication about sex, monitoring, support)
and risky sexual behaviors, and potential moderating effects by immigration status and acculturation in 1st and 2nd generation
Hispanic immigrant adolescents (N = 2,016) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Waves I and II). Maternal communication about sex and
maternal support emerged as key predictors of risky sexual behaviors across generational groups; neither immigration status
nor acculturation moderated the maternal parenting constructs-risky sexual behaviors links. Furthermore, maternal parenting
constructs and their relationships with risky sexual behaviors did not differ by generational groups.
相似文献
Alexander T. VazsonyiEmail: |
184.
This study examined adolescent peer-on-peer sexual assault victimization occurring within and outside school. The sample consisted
of 1,086 7th through 12th grade students, with a mean age of 15. Most of the respondents were White (54%) or Black (45%),
and approximately half of respondents were female (54%). A modified version of the Sexual Experiences Survey was used to assess
opposite sex sexual victimization in 7th through 12th grade students. Rates of peer sexual assault were high, ranging from
26% of high school boys to 51% of high school girls. School was the most common location of peer sexual victimization. Characteristics
of assault varied by location, including type of victimization, victims’ grade level, relationship to the perpetrator, type
of coercion, and how upsetting the assault was. Distinctions between sexual assault occurring in and out of school are conceptualized
with literature on developmental changes in heterosexual relationships and aggression.
相似文献
Amy M. YoungEmail: |
185.
Ararat L. Osipian 《Contemporary Politics》2016,22(2):215-231
This paper considers new challenges for Russian universities and the state, including flourishing and widespread corruption, politicization and state pressure, and student activism, and hypothesizes on how these three may be linked. To do so, this paper uses systematic research of media accounts from 2007 to 2012 in order to investigate student activism and its possible links with corruption and university politicization. This paper develops a theoretical extension that explains the corruption and coercion mechanism as applied to student activism, and places emphasis on higher education corruption and state pressure applied to universities. This study concludes that students are more interested in fighting for their economic rights and fulfilment of contractual obligations by the universities, while remaining politically inactive. This is normal for modern Russian society, where market reforms in higher education gain momentum, while democratic changes in the country remain very slow. 相似文献
186.
Little is known about the impact of the relational context of adolescent sexual activity on depressive symptoms. The present
study examined trajectories of depressive symptoms among 6,602 adolescents (44% male, 60% White) taken from a nationally representative
study (Add Health). Sexually active youth in romantic and casual relationships were first compared to virgins and then to
each other by relational context. Longitudinal, multilevel models examined differences in the course of depressive symptoms
based on sexual activity separately by gender and age group (ages 12–14 and 15–18). Results indicated that when compared to
virgins, any differences in depressive symptoms by relational context of sex were present prior to youth’s sexual debut. The
few significant differences found between youth who had sex in romantic relationships verses those who had casual sex were
present before sexual initiation and not maintained over time, suggesting that casual sex in adolescence is not associated
with long-term risks for depressive symptoms.
相似文献
Kathryn C. MonahanEmail: |
187.
Helena Machado 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):215-236
This article explores how the Portuguese legal system’s efforts to determine paternity of children born outside legal marriage,
automatically initiated by the Registry Office when a birth registration does not indicate the father, reveal cultural models
which reinforce the naturalisation of the differences between mothers and fathers, with significant effects on the social
construction of parental roles and on expectations of family organisation and female sexual behaviour. The article relies
on ethnographic data drawn from direct observation of court proceedings for the determination of paternity, as well as interviews
with judges and prosecuting counsels all over the country. It is argued that judicial practices in the specific context of
courtroom investigations of paternity reinforce gender inequalities in two interrelated ways. On the one hand, they are strengthened
in the discursive practices performed during the course of the interactions between judges, prosecuting counsels and the mother
of the child, as well as the alleged father. On the other hand, the normative model of family life and the dominant ideology
of women’s and men’s relationships, which emphasise women’s socially subordinate position, are revealed by the selective use
of DNA testing in paternity cases, based on the judge’s evaluation of the mother’s sexual behaviour. The article argues that
legal attempts to establish the paternity of children born outside marriage—though based on novel technical and supposedly
objective procedures—tend, nevertheless, to reproduce the prevailing patriarchal structures.
相似文献
Helena MachadoEmail: |
188.
“Always Use Protection”: Communication Boys Receive About Sex From Parents,Peers, and the Media 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Although parents are often thought to be the primary communicators of sexual information, studies have found that many adolescent
boys report receiving little or no parental communication about sex. Instead, boys report learning about sex mostly from their
peers and the media. However, little is known about the content of these communications, from any source. Using a sample of
286 male undergraduates, this study employed a mixed-method approach to examine the amount and content of sex-related communication
boys received from their parents, peers, and the media. Results indicated that adolescent boys report receiving less sexual
communication from their parents than from peers and the media. In terms of content, parental messages focused on abstinence
and contraception while peer and media messages were significantly more sex-positive. Analyses of ethnic group variation showed
that African American adolescents reported receiving the most parental communication and Asian American boys reported the
least, with further variability in the content of the messages. Findings also document considerable diversity of message content,
both within and across source, highlighting the utility of comparative and multi-method approaches.
相似文献
L. Monique WardEmail: |
189.
Valerie Oosterveld 《Human Rights Review》2009,10(1):73-98
Serious gender-based crimes were committed against women and girls during Sierra Leone’s decade-long armed conflict. This
article examines how the Special Court for Sierra Leone has approached these crimes in its first four judgments. The June
20, 2007 trial judgment in the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council case assists international criminal law’s limited understanding
of the crime against humanity of forced marriage, but also collapses evidence of that crime into the war crime of outrages
upon personal dignity. The February 22, 2008 appeals judgment attempts to correct this misstep. In contrast, the August 2,
2007 trial judgment in the Civil Defence Forces case is virtually silent on crimes committed against women and girls, although
the May 28, 2008 appeals judgment attempts to partially redress this silence. This article concludes that the four judgments,
considered together, raise the specter that the Special Court could potentially fail to make a significant progressive contribution
to gender-sensitive transitional justice.
相似文献
Valerie OosterveldEmail: |
190.
Adolescents’ Acceptance of Same-Sex Peers Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Staccy S. Horn 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(3):363-371
This study investigated tenth- and twelfth-grade adolescents’ (N ≤ 264) judgments about the acceptability of same-sex peers
who varied in terms of their sexual orientation (straight, gay or lesbian) and their conformity to gender conventions or norms
in regard appearance and mannerisms or activity. Overall, the results of this study suggest that adolescents’ conceptions
of the acceptability of their peers are related not just to sexual orientation but also conformity to gender conventions.
Both straight and gay or lesbian individuals who were non-conventional in their appearance and mannerisms were rated as less
acceptable than individuals who conformed to gender conventions or those who participated in non-conventional activities.
Most surprisingly, for boys, the straight individual who was non-conforming in appearance was rated less acceptable than either
the gay individual who conformed to gender norms or was gender non-conforming in choice of activity.
相似文献
Staccy S. HornEmail: |