The violent reconvictions of sexual offenders

The violent reconvictions of a sample of sexual offenders discharged from prison between 1992 and 1996 (who had not been reconvicted of a sexual offence) were examined. The hypothesis was that a proportion of these violent reconvictions would have a sexual motivation. The sample consisted of 104 adult male sexual offenders for whom detailed information regarding their violent reconviction was available. The sample was categorized according to the motivation of the violent reconviction. It was found that a proportion of the violent reconvictions were sexually motivated (12%) and that some of these had resulted from an original charge for a sexual offence. Significant differences were found between the sexual motivation and violent motivation group on the number of criminal history and victim characteristic variables. It was concluded that, in the case of sexual offenders, violent convictions might mask the true motivation of the offence.     

Cybercrime victimization among young people: a multi-nation study

This study examines cybercrime victimization, what some of the common characteristics of such crimes are and some of the general predictors of cybercrime victimization among teenagers and young adults. A combined four-country sample (Finland, US, Germany and UK; n = 3,506) is constructed from participants aged between 15 and 30 years old. According to the findings, online crime victimization is relatively uncommon (aggregate 6.5% of participants were victims). Slander and threat of violence were the most common forms of victimization and sexual harassment the least common. Male gender, younger age, immigrant background, urban residence, not living with parents, unemployment and less active offline social life were significant predictors for cybercrime victimization.     

Ethnicity,Concentrated Minority Disadvantage,and Perceived Risk of Victimization

Abstract

There has been little systematic research on how the characteristics of locales condition the relationship of ethnicity to crime-related attitudes, and none of it has examined southwestern Hispanics. Addressing these issues, this investigation examines the effects of ethnicity and concentrated minority disadvantage on confidence in the police and perceived risk of victimization. Data collected in telephone and personal interviews in El Paso, Texas, were analyzed using OLS multiple regression. The analyses show that Hispanics residing in the locales with the greatest concentrated minority disadvantage expressed less confidence in the police than did Hispanics residing in other areas and, irrespective of locale, Anglos. People residing in areas of concentrated disadvantage perceived greater risk of victimization than did those who resided elsewhere. In addition, confidence in the police was related negatively to perceived risk of victimization. These findings indicate that concentrated minority disadvantage has an important influence on crime-related attitudes.     

Predicting Pre-Adjudicatory Detention Decisions

Abstract

Findings from studies examining the impact of legal and extralegal characteristics in determining pre-adjudicatory detention within the juvenile justice system have been inconsistent. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent, and interaction, effects of certain legal and extralegal factors in the decision to detain juveniles in counties in two Northeastern states. The results suggest race continues to exert a significant effect on detention decisions when controlling for various legal and extralegal/nonlegal factors.     

发挥民族学学科优势助力宁夏少数民族文化大发展大繁荣

宁夏民族学学科应当把少数民族文化大发展大繁荣这一重大理论和现实问题作为重点研究课题,发挥学科自身的优势,建设具有宁夏特色、宁夏风格和宁夏气派的民族学学科,助力宁夏少数民族文化大发展大繁荣.     

Is successful democracy promotion possible? The conceptual problem

There is a standard academic consensus that semi-presidentialism is perilous for new democracies. In particular, this is because semi-presidential countries run the risk of experiencing difficult periods of ‘cohabitation’ between a president and a prime minister who are opposed to each other, and because they may also experience periods of divided minority government that encourage the president to rule by decree and subvert the rule of law. This article examines the evidence to support these two arguments. It finds very few cases of cohabitation in young democracies and only one case where cohabitation has led directly to democratic collapse. By contrast, it finds more cases of divided minority government and more cases where divided minority government has been associated with democratic failure. However, the article also finds that young democracies have survived divided minority government. The conclusion is that, to date, there is insufficient evidence to support the long-standing and highly intuitive argument that cohabitation is dangerous for new democracies. There is more evidence to support the much newer argument about the dangers of divided minority government. Even so, more work is needed in this area before we can conclude that semi-presidentialism is inherently perilous.     

文化产业背景下的京族遗产保护和旅游发展研究

在文化产业背景下,如何更好地对京族文化遗产进行开发和发展文化产业,优化经济增长方式,力求在对文化遗产的保护与产业发展中寻找一个平衡点,已成为亟待解决的关键问题。文章在对京族文化遗产保护和旅游发展进行实地调查的基础上,从遗产保护、遗产教育、文化创意和打造民族文化品牌等几个方面,提出京族文化遗产保护和旅游发展的对策。     

新时期少数民族人口教育的状况、问题和发展途径——以广西为例

通过分析第六次人口普查数据,发现广西少数民族人口文化素质在进入新世纪以后有了大幅提升,高学历人口增长迅速,但是各少数民族文化素质发展差异明显,整体文化素质低于汉族,个别民族处于后进水平。因此,要积极发展少数民族教育,探寻提高人口文化素质的有效途径:均衡配置教育资源,继续加大对民族地区教育经费的投入,改善民族中小学的办学条件;建立适合少数民族文化和生活方式的教育内容和教育模式;构筑多层次少数民族教育体系;重视少数民族女性受教育的问题;加强教师队伍建设,提高教师待遇和福利。     

近20年来台湾少数民族题材文学中的历史叙事研究

本文在探讨近20年来台湾少数民族题材文学创作风貌的基础上,发掘从台湾少数民族主体这一相对边缘视角言说历史的再现与批判潜能,并从知识社会学的角度考察相关文学创作与诠释所折射出的台湾政治文化变迁。台湾少数民族与非台湾少数民族作家在处理台湾少数民族题材时的切入视角与美学策略有显著差异：台湾少数民族作家致力于追溯被汉文化入侵、改造和收编的历史,反思部落文化在现代文明冲击下的溃败命运,并通过召唤部落文化传统来重建族群认同;非台湾少数民族作家侧重于以历史事件为扭结呈现创伤记忆,一方面流露出某种赎罪心理,另一方面也有淡化历史上台湾少数民族与汉民族冲突的倾向,以共构入史的策略将台湾少数民族的悲情转化为“台湾人”的悲情。本文认为,对台湾少数民族文学的分析应与对20世纪90年代以来多元文化论的兴起与本土化论述策略转型的社会背景的考察相结合,才能还原台湾少数民族议题在当代台湾的兴起与质变过程,进而把握近20年来文学领域对台湾少数民族题材的关注所呈现的历史眼光与意识形态心理变迁轨迹。     

四川少数民族同胞利益诉求差异研究

四川少数民族同胞最强烈的利益诉求是增加家庭收入,而不是改善居住和生活条件。不仅不同性别、不同民族少数民族同胞存在同一利益诉求和不同利益诉求强烈程度差异,而且不同年龄、不同地区、接受不同教育程度的少数民族同胞也存在同一利益诉求和不同利益诉求强烈程度差异。政府应大力改善基础设施、交通条件,发展民族经济;大力提高少数民族同胞教育水平,促进民族地区经济发展;通过基础设施和交通条件的改善、民族经济的发展,提高少数民族同胞的生活水平、改善民族地区的基础设施和交通条件,促进民族地区经济的发展和少数民族同胞生活水平的提高。