Allele frequencies for nine STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820) in the Italian population

Genotype and allele frequencies for STR loci D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820 were investigated in 289 unrelated Italian Caucasian individuals from the North and South regions. After co-amplification by polymerase chain reaction, automatic DNA profiling of these nine STR loci was performed by ABI PRISM((R)) 310 DNA Genetic Analyzer. For each locus, statistical parameters for forensic and paternity purposes were then calculated; the combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion of all nine loci were 0.9999999999917 and 0.99992 for the Northern population and 0.9999999999921 and 0.99991 for the Southern population.     

Recovery of Environmental Human DNA by Insects*,†

Abstract: We tested the hypotheses that foraging insects can acquire human DNA from the environment and that insect‐delivered human DNA is of sufficient quantity and quality to permit standard forensic analyses. Houseflies, German cockroaches, and camel crickets were exposed to dusty surfaces and then assayed for human mitochondrial and nuclear loci by conventional and qPCR, and multiplex STR amplification. Over two experiments, 100% of insect groups and 94% of dust controls tested positive for human DNA. Of 177 individuals, 33–67% tested positive and 13 yielded quantifiable human DNA (mean = 0.022 ± 0.006 ng; mean dust control = 2.448 ± 0.960 ng); four had at least one positive allele call for one or more locus; eight others showed multiple peaks at some loci. Results imply that application to routine forensic casework is limited given current detection methodology yet demonstrate the potential use of insects as environmental samplers for human DNA.     

Trace DNA Sampling Success from Evidence Items Commonly Encountered in Forensic Casework

Trace DNA analysis is a significant part of a forensic laboratory's workload. Knowing optimal sampling strategies and item success rates for particular item types can assist in evidence selection and examination processes and shorten turnaround times. In this study, forensic short tandem repeat (STR) casework results were reviewed to determine how often STR profiles suitable for comparison were obtained from “handler” and “wearer” areas of 764 items commonly submitted for examination. One hundred and fifty‐five (155) items obtained from volunteers were also sampled. Items were analyzed for best sampling location and strategy. For casework items, headwear and gloves provided the highest success rates. Experimentally, eyeglasses and earphones, T‐shirts, fabric gloves and watches provided the highest success rates. Eyeglasses and latex gloves provided optimal results if the entire surfaces were swabbed. In general, at least 10%, and up to 88% of all trace DNA analyses resulted in suitable STR profiles for comparison.     

基于二代测序的混合检材精细化分型研究

目的基于二代测序平台进行混合检材精细化STR分型,并评估其法医学应用价值。方法收集性侵案件中3例混合检材及其比对样本,采用M48磁珠提取纯化试剂盒提取样本DNA,使用Foren SeqTM DNA Signature Prep试剂盒制备文库,Mi Seq FGx平台进行测序,Foren SeqTM Universal Analysis v1.2.1软件进行数据分析,将STR序列多态分型与长度多态分型进行比较。结果对3例混合检材STR分型进行拆分,在D3S1358、D13S317与D9S1122基因座发现存在同一长度多态等位基因包含两个个体的序列多态等位基因的情况。结论二代测序技术可对混合检材进行精细鉴别,为混合分型数据拆分提供更多线索和依据。     

大麻遗传标记的法医学应用研究进展

大麻是大麻科大麻属一年生雌雄异株的草本植物,其内含有具有强烈成瘾性和麻醉性的四氢大麻酚(THC).大麻价格低廉、获取方便、且受到一些国家和地区合法化的影响,目前已成为滥用最广泛的毒品之一.因此,大麻植株的鉴定对于打击毒品犯罪、维护社会稳定具有重要意义.近年来,基于DNA遗传标记的大麻鉴定为案件侦破提供了新的技术手段,针...     

山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的调查山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的群体遗传学资料,为亲权鉴定提供遗传学数据。方法采用GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒对山东汉族人群中205例无关个体进行基因分型,得到19个STR基因座的等位基因频率及群体遗传学参数。对Identifile一、SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16和GoldeneyeTM20A4个试剂盒进行比较,并对l例特殊的亲子鉴定案件进行分析。结果获得山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。累积个体识别率（CDP）及累积非父排除率（CPE）从高到低分别为GoldeneyeTM20A、SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16、IdentifilerTM试剂盒。对实际案件进行分析．作为二联体,IdentifilerTM试剂盒无被排除基因座,而SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16和GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒均不能排除父子关系。结论与IdentifilerTM、SinoFilerYn和PowerPlex163种试剂盒进行比较．GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒效能更高．但不能完全满足二联体鉴定的要求。     

Genetic Polymorphisms of 15 STR Loci in Gansu Hui Population

The short tandem repeat （STR） markers are widely used in human identification and paternity testing in the field of forensic geneticsm. Recent re- searches on polymorphic STRs have led to their applications to population genetics, forensic DNA database, human individual identification, paternity testing, genetic mapping, disease linkage analysis, archaeology and potential inference of the ethnic o- rigin of an individual.     

Application of direct PCR in forensic casework

Direct PCR is fast becoming a popular method in forensic science due to the advantages of saving time and money in the lab while increasing the probability of obtaining substantial results has a positive rippling effect. A laboratory is able to reduce the time spent on processing trace DNA samples, which can lead to investigators receiving important information in a timely manner that may not have been possible using standard methods. This study highlights the benefits of direct PCR in forensic casework by analysing trace and touch DNA on a range of substrates and exploring the loss of initial DNA due to extraction.     

Analysis of 15 autosomal STR loci in the population of the State of Acre,Brazilian Amazonia

Acre was the last state of Brazil to be inhabited by non-indigenous individuals. The aim of this study was to calculate the allele frequencies of 15 STR loci in 503 unrelated individuals living in Acre, as well as to estimate statistical parameters of forensic interest. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test performed in the overall sample, as well as population comparisons between sub-samples from the five regions in Acre did not reveal the presence of population substructure. This is the first report of STR data in this population and the results showed that a single database is suitable for all the regions analyzed.     

Developmental validation of 15 X chromosomal short tandem repeat markers

The use of X chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers has been greatly increasing in the forensic setting. Using guidelines set forth previously for the validation of autosomal and Y STRs, aspects of the feasibility of routine X chromosomal STR use were evaluated. Two mini-X chromosomal STR multiplexes capable of amplifying 15 total markers were developed and utilized to determine allele nomenclature, allele/genotype frequencies, mutation rates, and linkage between markers. Additionally, a concordance study between these multiplexes and a commercially available kit was performed. Here, the authors present an overview of this extensive developmental validation study.